《德伯家的苔丝》中的女性身体书写
Female Body Writing in Tess of the D’Urbervilles

《德伯家的苔丝》是英国现实主义作家托马斯？哈代最杰出的长篇小说。该著作通过讲述苔丝？德北菲尔德在遇到亚雷？德伯维尔和安吉尔？克莱尔之后的悲惨生活，对维多利亚时期社会法律、道德以及宗教对女性的束缚和压迫进行了深刻的批判。本文基于米歇尔？福柯的权力与话语理论，对文中苔丝的身体所受到的规训与压迫进行剖析，探究造成苔丝人生悲剧的原因。首先，在福柯的全景敞视视域下，由于女性习惯并内化集体凝视与个体凝视，苔丝的穿着打扮与外貌特征迎合并受限于男性的审美标准。其次，就话语权力而言，苔丝对于男权话语及父母话语的无力反抗体现女性对社会阶级、知识和刻板规则的屈服。再者，在规训空间内，苔丝的顺从行为与内疚态度均反映女性身体的顺从。鉴于此，本文得出结论：在维多利亚时期，女性受到父权社会的束缚，女性身体受到权力与话语的压迫，最终变得驯顺。
Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most outstanding work by English realistic writer Thomas Hardy, which profoundly criticizes the constraints and oppression on females stemming from social law, morality and religion in the Victorian era through Tess Durbeyfield’s miserable life after meeting Alec d’Urberville and Angel Clare. On the basis of Michel Foucault’s power and discourse theory, this paper analyzes the control and oppression to which Tess’s body is subjected and explores the root causes of Tess’s tragic life. Firstly, from the perspective of Foucault’s panopticism, women are accustomed to and internalize the collective gaze and individual gaze. Thus, Tess tends to meet and confine herself to male aesthetic standards. Secondly, in terms of discourse and power, Tess’s powerless resistance to male-dominated discourse and parental discourse reflects females’ submission to social hierarchy, knowledge and stereotyped norms. Furthermore, in the disciplined space, Tess’s docile body is represented by her submissive behavior and guilty attitude. In view of this, the paper concludes that in the Victorian era, women are manipulated by the patriarchal society, and ultimately their bodies become docile due to the oppression of power and discourse.