向日葵自交系周年四代的繁育技术
Breeding Techniques of Annual Four Generations of Sunflower Inbred Lines

新品种选育周期长，导致向日葵品种选育进程缓慢，向日葵种质资源创新技术滞后。本文通过向日葵本身生物学特性及向日葵自交系研究及选育现状，利用幼胚培养技术、温室育苗技术与大田试验种植相结合的方法，以向日葵大田繁育种植为基准，结合温室种植，探索出向日葵自交系完成一个世代所需的≥5℃的有效积温及光照；合理选择种植地点及利用先进的技术手段和方法作为技术核心保证，授粉后7~10 d取胚培养，就可以转入下一代的培育，从而缩短了世代栽培周期，建立起向日葵自交系周年四代的选育方法，降低了选育成本；对于向日葵自交系的繁育技术领域具有现实作用和意义。
The long breeding cycle of new varieties leads to a slow process of sunflower variety selection, and the innovative technology of sunflower germplasm resources lags behind. In this paper, based on the biological characteristics of sunflowers and the research and breeding status of sunflower inbred lines, the techniques of immature embryo culture, greenhouse seedling raising and field trial planting were combined to take sunflower field breeding and planting as the standard, in combination with greenhouse planting, the effective accumulated temperature and light of more than 5？C needed for sunflower inbred lines to complete a generation were explored; the reasonable planting site was selected and the advanced technical means and methods were used as the technical core guarantee, 7~10 days after pollination, the embryo culture can be transferred to the next genera-tion, which shortens the culture cycle of the next generation, sets up the breeding method of the annual four generations of sunflower inbred lines, and reduces the cost of breeding; it has practical effect and significance in the field of breeding technologies of sunflower inbred lines.