This article presents, the study of a comparative evaluation of the
chemical composition and physical properties, linear mass deviations, of four
(04) types of steel used in the construction sector in Senegal.Type 1 (E1), Type 2 (E2) and Type 3
(E3) steels are produced by locally established companies and Type 4 (E4)
witness bars are imported from the France.The chemical analyses of the different types of steel were
carried out by combustion, infrared (IR) detection for carbon and sulfur, by reducing
fusion for nitrogen and by optical emission spectrometer (SEO) for the rest of
the elements.The composition was determined on bars with a diameter
of 10 mm. Linear mass deviations were evaluated for steels with a diameter of 8
mm, 10 mm and 12 mm. The results of the chemical analyses showed that the limit
value for the percentage of carbon was exceeded by 29.16% for the steel, type
3. For the other types (1, 2 and 4), the limit values set out in the French
standard NF EN 10,080 are not exceeded. As regards the relative
differences in mass, the results
showed that for steels of local manufacture, all the samples of bars with
diameters 10 and 12 mm and 33% of steels with diameters 8 mm do not comply with
the standard. The results also indicate that the chemical composition and relative linear mass deviations of the steels, type 4
comply with the standard. Thus, locally manufactured steels are not always
suitable for use in reinforced concrete constructions.
References
[1]
Perchat, J. (2017) Treaty of Reinforced Concrete According to the Eurocode 2. 3rd Edition, Le Moniteur, Paris.
[2]
French Standard—NF EN 1992-1-1 (2005) Design of Concrete Structures—Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings.
[3]
French Standard—NF EN 10080 (2005) Steel for the Reinforcement of Concrete—Weldable Reinforcing Steel.
[4]
Prabir, C.B., Shylamoni, P. and Roshan, A.D. (2004) Characterisation of Steel Reinforcement for RC Structures: An Overview and Related Issues. Indian Concrete Journal, 78, 19-30.
[5]
Jibrin, M.U. and Ejeh, S.P. (2013) Chemical Composition of Reinforcing Steel Bars in the Nigerian Construction Industry. International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 13, 1-7.
[6]
Salman, A. and Djavanroodi, F. (2018) Variability of Chemical Analysis of Reinforcing Bar Produced in Saudi Arabia. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 348, Article ID: 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/348/1/012015 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/348/1/012015
[7]
Odusote, J.K., Shittu, W., Adeleke, A.A., Ikubanni, P.P. and Adeyemo, O. (2019) Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars from Local Steel Plants. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 19, 1067-1076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-019-00695-x
[8]
Arum, C. (2008) Verification of Properties of Concrete Reinforcement Bars: Nigeria as a Case Study. Indoor and Built Environment, 17, 370-376. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X08094264
[9]
Alabi, A.G.F. and Onyeji, L.I. (2010) Analysis and Comparative Assessment of Locally Produced Reinforcing Steel Bars for Structural Purposes. Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, 7, 49-60.
[10]
Alabi, A.G.F. and Yahya, R. (2012) Comparative Assessment of Some Commercial Steel Bars with Standard. Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, 9, 73-83.
[11]
Adeleke, A.A. and Odusote, J.K. (2013) Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars from Collapsed Building Sites. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 13, 737-743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-013-9739-5
[12]
Osarewenmwinda, J.O. and Amuchi, E.C. (2013) Quality Assessment of Commercially Available Reinforced Steel Rods in Nigeria Market. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4, 562-565.
[13]
Shuaib-Babata, Y.L., Adewuyi, R.A., Ajao, K.S., Ambali, I., Aremu, N.I., Ibrahim, H.K. and Abdul, J.M. (2019) Quality Evaluation of Commercially Available Steels in Some Selected Nigerian Markets. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2, 103-114.
[14]
Alabi, A.G.F., Akintunde, O.A., Odusote, J.K. and Adeleke, A.A. (2016) Assessment of Suitability of Nigerian Made Steel Bars for Structural Application. Journal of the Association of Professional Engineers of Trinidad and Tobago, 44, 17-23.
[15]
Adeleke, A.A., Odusote, J.K., Ikubanni, P.P., Lasode, O.A., Agboola, O.O., Ammasi, A. and Ajao, K.R. (2018) Dataset on the Evaluation of Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Steel Rods from Local Steel Plants and Collapsed Building Sites. Data in Brief, 21, 1552-1557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.162
[16]
Morán-López, J.L. and Sánchez, J.M. (1993) Advanced Topics in Materials Science and Engineering. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2842-5
[17]
Republic of Senegal—Ministry of Housing Planning and Public Hygiene—Directorate General of Construction and Habitat (2021) Final Report of the Technical Commission.
