全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

A City in Shame: The Cairene Linguistic Landscape and Cultural Distinction

DOI: 10.4236/cus.2023.112012, PP. 232-254

Keywords: Urban Studies, Urban Design, Linguistic Landscape, Placemaking, Culture, Cairo

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Authoritarian placeless projects after 2017 introduced a significant shift in Cairo’s linguistic landscape; giant streets and electronic billboards, banners, and signs co-shaped the city’s global image. Promoting English and bilingualism (English-Arabic) created the study question. Why do advertisements address the Arabic-speaking population in English? This study aims at investigating the Cairene linguistic policy and its cultural meanings. The field study occurred between 2020 and 2022 in around twenty sites in Cairo, among which authoritarian placeless projects were significant. Exploring Cairene linguistic landscape in Cairo is based on former literature and observations while moving around in public spaces on foot and by car. Around 20 locations were visited, 120 photos were taken, and spontaneous interviews were conducted. The collected data were produced during two years (2020-2022) of fieldwork in Cairo. Describing and categorising the Cairene linguistic landscape identified its cultural values. Moreover, exploring historical changes in the 19th and 20th centuries explained the linguistic socio-cultural roots. The culture of shame bridges shifting from pride to profit in Cairo’s linguistic landscape, presenting countless symbolic meanings, among which cultural distinction, linguistic centrality and marginality are significant.

References

[1]  Abaza, M. (2007). Communication, Power and Counter-Power in the Network Society. International Journal of Communications, 1, 238-266.
[2]  Abdullah, D. (2017). Design Otherwise: Towards a Locally-Centric Design Education Curriculum in Jordan. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London.
[3]  Abu-Lughod, J. (1965). Tale of Two Cities: The Origins of Modern Cairo. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 7, 429-457.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500003819
[4]  Abu-Lughod, J. (1971). Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious. Princeton University Press.
[5]  Agamben, G., & Wakefield, S. (2013). What Is Destituent Power? Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 32, 65-74.
https://doi.org/10.1068/d3201tra
[6]  Agrawal, S. (2022). Rights and the City. Problems, Progress and Practice. The University of Alberta Press.
https://uap.ualberta.ca/titles/1041-9781772126266-rights-and-the-city
[7]  Ali, A. (1990). Rehla fe Zaman El-Kahira. Madbuly Bookstore.
[8]  Ali, A. (1998). El-Kahira fe Asr Ismail. El-Dar El-Masryia El-Lbnaneya.
[9]  Allen, J. (2010). Powerful City Networks: More than Connections, Less than Domination and Control. Urban Studies, 47, 2895-2911.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098010377364
[10]  Al-Maqrizi, T. A.-D. (1441). Al-mawa’iz wa’l I’tibar fi Dhikr El-khitat wa’ L-athar [Topographic and Historical Description of Egypt]. Bulaq Press.
[11]  Al-Sayyad, N. (1981). Streets of Islamic Cairo: A Configuration of Urban Themes and Patterns. MIT Press.
[12]  Al-Sayyid Marsot, A. L. (1984). Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511563478
[13]  Badie, B. (2000). The Imported State: The Westernization of the Political Order (Translated by: Claudia Royal). The Stanford University Press.
https://opac.eui.eu/client/en_GB/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:172919/ada
[14]  Balirano, G., De Cesare, F., & Fruttaldo, A. (2018). International Conference “Words, Images and Ideology of Populism 3.0.” Book of Abstracts. University of Naples “L’Orientale.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323175741_Book_of_Abstracts_International_Conference_Words_Images_and_Ideology_of_Populism_30
[15]  Bassem, D. (2018). City Marketing and Urban Branding: A New Way to Identify Egyptian Cities though Creating Positive Public Image. The Academic Research Community Publication, 3, 1-17.
[16]  Batibo, H. (2020). Multilingualism in Southern Africa: Searching for National Identity in Diversity. Journal of Language and Literature, 32, 120-132.
[17]  Bianca, S. (2000). Urban Form in the Arab World. Past and Present. Thames and Hudson.
[18]  Bianca, S. (2006). Cairo Today: Revitalising of a Historic Metropolis. The Aga Khan Press.
[19]  Çelik, Z. (1992). Displaying the Orient: Architecture of Islam at Nineteenth-Century World’s Fairs. The University of California Press.
[20]  Coleman, R. (2019). The Synoptic City: State, “Place” and Power. Space and Culture, 22, 19-33.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331217751780
[21]  Dlaske, K. (2014). Semiotics of Pride and Profit: Interrogating Commodification in Indigenous Handicraft Production. Social Semiotics, 24, 582-598.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2014.943459
[22]  Durante, T. (2021). Global Consciousness and New Visual Order: The Populist Aesthetic Challenge. Academia Letters.
https://doi.org/10.20935/AL2439
https://www.academia.edu/51035108/Global_Consciousness_and_New_Visual_Order_The_Populist_Aesthetic_Challenge
[23]  El-Beshry, T. (2018). Shakhsiat tarikheiat; Saad Zaghloul, Mustafa el-Nahas, Abd el-Rahman el-Rafa’y and Ahmed Hussien [Historic Charcters; Saad Zaghloul, Mustafa el-Nahas, Abde el-Rahman el-Rafa’y and Ahmed Hussien]. Dar El-Shrouk. (In Arabic)
[24]  Fahmy, K. (2010). All the Pasha’s Men: Mehmed Ali, his Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. AUC Press.
[25]  Gori, F. (2017). What Is an Image? W.J.T. Mitchell’s Picturing Theory. In K. Purgar (Ed.), W.J.T. Mitchell’s Image Theory. Living Pictures (pp. 40-60). Taylor & Francis.
https://www.academia.edu/27401187/W_J_T_Mitchells_Image_Theory_Living_Pictures
[26]  Hakim, B. S. (2001). Reviving the Rule System: An Approach for Revitalizing Traditional Towns in Maghrib. Cities, 18, 87-92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(00)00060-3
[27]  Hassan, R. (2019). Uncontained: Digital Disconnection and the Experience of Time. Grattan Street Press.
[28]  Haykal, H. (1961). Azmat al-muthaqqafin [The Crisis of the Intellectuals]. Dar el-Udaba. (In Arabic)
[29]  Hendry, B. (2006). The Power of Names: Place-making and People-Making in the Riojan Wine Region. Names, 54, 23-54.
https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.2006.54.1.23
[30]  Janks, H., Dixon, K., Ferreira, A., Granville, S., & Newfield, D. (2014). Doing Literacy: Texts and Activities for Students and Teachers. Routledge.
[31]  Järlehed, J., & Fanni, M. (2022). The Politics of Typographic Placemaking: The Cases of TilburgsAns and Dubai Font. Visual Communication.
https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572211069612
[32]  Jaworski, A. (2015). Globalese: A New Visual-Linguistic Register. Social Semiotics, 25, 217-235.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2015.1010317
[33]  Johannessen, C. M., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2018). (Ir)Regularity. In C. M. Johannessen, & T. van Leeuwen (Eds.), The Materiality of Writing: A Trace Making Perspective (pp. 175-192). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315537306-10
[34]  Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2018). Principles of Marketing (17th ed.). The University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/principlesmarketing/
[35]  Landry, R., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1997). Linguistic Landscape and Ethnolinguistic Vitality: An Empirical Study. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 16, 23-49.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X970161002
[36]  Makalela, L. (2016). Ubuntu Translanguaging: An Alternative Framework for Complex Multilingual Encounters. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 34, 187-196.
https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2016.1250350
[37]  Maksoud, K. (1960). Azma al-yasar al-’arabi [The Crisis of the Arab Left]. Dar el-Ilm lil-Malayien.
[38]  Mignolo, W. (2003). The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy, Territoriality, and Colonization. The University of Michigan Press.
https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.8739
[39]  Mitchell, T. (1991). Colonising Egypt. The University of California Press.
https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520911666
[40]  Mitchell, T. (2002). Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity. The University of California Press.
https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520928251
[41]  Moor, A. (1994). Images of Development: Egyptian Engineers in Search of Industry. The AUC Press.
[42]  Mubarak A. P. (1970). El-Khetat El-Tawfikeya El-Gadida. Egyptian General Book Authority.
[43]  Mubarak A. P. (1989). El-Khetat El-Tawfikeya El-Gadida L’lIskandaria. Maktabet el-Adab we Matba’ateha.
[44]  Panerai, P., Castex, J., Depaule, J., & Samuel, I. (2005). Urban Forms: The Death and Life of the Urban Block. Architectural Press.
[45]  Rassool, N. (2007). Global Issues in Language, Education and Development: Perspectives from Post-Colonial Countries. Multilingual Matters.
https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853599538
[46]  Raymond, A. (2001). Cairo: City of History. The American University in Cairo Press.
[47]  Rosendal, T., & Amini-Ngabonziza, J. de D. (2023). Amid Signs of Change: Language Policy, Ideology and Power in the Linguistic Landscape of Urban Rwanda. Language Policy, 22, 73-94.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-022-09624-5
[48]  Rothstein, F. A. (2018). Egypt’s Ruin: A Financial and Administrative Record. Sagwan Press.
[49]  Rubdy, R., & Ben Said, S. (2015). Conflict, Exclusion and Dissent in the Linguistic Landscape. Palgrave MacMillan.
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137426284
[50]  Saad, S. (1994). Die Visuellen und Ästhetischen Faktoren, die die Gestaltung der Städtischen Räume beeinflussen, am Beispiel von Kairo [The Visual and Aesthetic Factors affecting Urban Spaces in Cairo]. Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University.
[51]  Saad, S. (2019a). El-Kahira el-Tarykheya. Khetabat el-Sametien [Historic Cairo, Messages of the Silent]. Kotobna for Personal Publications.
[52]  Saad, S. (2019b). Cairo in the Age of Great Urban Transformations. Changes in Street Patterns Only, or a Shift in Power Networks as Well? In The Second International Conference on Islamic Architectural Heritage: The Future and the Built Environment (pp. 389-408). Fatih Sultan Mehmet Universitesi.
https://www.fsm.edu.tr/
[53]  Saad, S. (2020a). Kakiret el-Tahaworat el-Kobra (1805-1950) [Great Urban Deformations’ Cairo: 1805-1950]. Kotobna Publications.
[54]  Saad, S. (2020b). The Myth of Nasser’s Arabism. Cairo (1956-1970), a Political-Urban Paradox. International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 5, 37-45.
https://doi.org/10.33564/IJEAST.2020.v05i05.007
[55]  Saad, S. (2022). Acts of Deforming a City; Top-down Placeless-Making in Pretorian Cairo. Journal of Current Urban Studies, 10, 501-524.
https://doi.org/10.4236/cus.2022.104030
[56]  Sadek, S. (2006). Cairo as Global/Regional Cultural Capital? In D. Singerman, & P. Amar (Eds.) Cairo Cosmopolitan: Politics, Culture, and Urban Space in the New Globalized Middle East (pp. 153-190). The AUC Press.
[57]  Samy, A. (1917). El-ta’aliem fie Misr (1914-1915) [Education in Egypt (1914-1915). Dar El-Ma’aref.
[58]  Savski, K. (2021). Language Policy and Linguistic Landscape: Identity and Struggle in Two Southern Thai Spaces. Linguistic Landscape, 7, 128-150.
https://doi.org/10.1075/ll.20008.sav
[59]  Scollon, R., & Scollon, S. W. (2003). Discourses in Place: Language in the Material World. Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203422724
[60]  Shohamy, E. (2006). Language Policy: Hidden Agendas and New Approaches. Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203387962
[61]  Spitzmüller, J. (2012). Floating Ideologies: Metamorphoses of Graphic “Germanness”. In A. Jaffe, J. Androutsopoulos, M. Sebba, & S. Johnson (Eds.), Orthography as Social Action: Scripts, Spelling, Identity and Power (pp. 255-288). Mouton de Gruyter.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614511038.255
[62]  Stubblefield, T. (2017). What Do Photographs Want? Mitchell’s Theory of Photography from the Camera Obscura to the Networked Lens. In K. Purgar (Ed.), W.J.T. Mitchell’s Image Theory. Living Pictures (pp. 197-212). Taylor & Francis.
https://www.academia.edu/27401187/W_J_T_Mitchells_Image_Theory_Living_Pictures
[63]  The French Government (1818). Planches: Etat Moderne. Mammutfolio, Books 16, 17, 22. The French Government.
[64]  The French Government. (1809). Description de l’Egypte, Etat Moderne. Books (5, 6, 7) (Vols. 1, 2, 3). The French Government.
[65]  Toolis, E. E. (2021). Restoring the Balance between People, Places, and Profits: A Psychosocial Analysis of Uneven Community Development and the Case for Placemaking Processes. Sustainability, 13, Article No. 7256.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137256
[66]  Van Leeuwen, T. (2005). Introducing Social Semiotics. Routledge.
[67]  Woolard, A. (2016). Singular and Plural: Ideologies of Linguistic Authority in 21st Century Catalonia. Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190258610.001.0001

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133