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创伤性颅脑损伤引起低钙血症的机制
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Abstract:
创伤性颅脑损伤(traumatic brain injury, TBI)是发达及发展中国家年轻人死亡的主要原因。TBI是一种十分常见的神经外科疾病，它是由多种原因所造成的，其中常见的原因包括高处跌落、交通事故、斗殴伤以及运动伤。TBI对于颅脑的损伤主要分为直接暴力后引起的脑组织原发性损害，如：局灶性大脑挫裂伤和弥漫性轴索损伤；另一种则是由原发性颅脑损伤后引起的血脑屏障破坏、外周血细胞浸润、脑水肿以及多种血电解质紊乱(K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、Cl？)，这些继发性损害会引起大脑神经元在创伤后数小时破坏凋亡，从而影响预后生存质量。其中低钙血症可作为创伤性颅脑损伤的独立危险因素，现将创伤性颅脑损伤后引起低钙血症相关机制作一综述。
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death among young people in developed and de-veloping countries. TBI is a very common neurosurgical disease, which is caused by a variety of reasons, including high altitude falls, traffic accidents, combat injuries, and sports injuries. The brain injury caused by TBI is mainly divided into primary brain damage caused by direct violence, such as focal brain contusion and diffuse peripheral injury. The other is the destruction of the blood brain barrier, infiltration of peripheral blood cells, brain edema, and various blood electrolyte dis-turbances (K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、Cl？) caused by primary brain injury. These secondary damages can cause brain neurons to destroy and apoptosis within a few hours after trauma, thereby affecting the prognosis and quality of life. Among them, hypocalcemia can be an independent risk factor for traumatic brain injury. This article reviews the mechanisms related to hypocalcemia after traumat-ic brain injury.
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