2022年蓬莱气候对酿酒葡萄的影响评价
Climate Impact Assessment of Wine Grapes in Penglai in 2022

通过统计分析2022年蓬莱气候资料，结果表明：1) 2022年平均气温较常年偏高，降水较常年偏多6成，日照较常年偏少，属气候异常年份。2) 冬季降雪较少，空气湿度小，风干厉害，对葡萄越冬造成一定影响，部分更新枝条受低温抽干影响。春季干旱使葡萄生长缓慢，导致萌芽量减少。夏季强降水、秋季台风暴雨等对果实造成一定损害。3) 萌芽至开花期，全区霜冻较轻，低温影响范围小。花期干旱少雨，导致部分地块授粉不良，坐过率低。浆果膨大期阴雨天多，日照偏少，花期出现大风天气，对酿酒葡萄开花坐果产生不利影响。6月中旬之后降水量较往年同期增加一倍，受降水偏多影响，防治病害，贯穿整个夏季。大风及大规模降水对酿酒葡萄生长有一定负面作用。成熟采摘期出现两次暴雨局部大暴雨天气过程，出现大量落果裂果，造成减产，早采收品种糖度和成熟度受到一定影响。
Through statistical analysis of the climate data of Penglai in 2022, the results show that: 1) The average temperature in 2022 is higher, the precipitation is 60% higher, and the sunshine is less, which is an abnormal year. 2) In winter, there is less snow, low humidity in the air, and severe dry-ing, which harms grape overwintering, and some updated branches are affected by low-temperature pumping. The drought in spring makes the grape grow slowly, which leads to a decrease in germination. Heavy precipitation in summer and Typhoon Muifa rainstorms in autumn caused some damage to fruits. 3) From germination to flowering, the frost in the whole region is light, and the influence range of low temperature is small. Drought and lack of rain in the flowering period led to poor pollination in some plots and a low sitting rate. During the berry expansion period, there are many rainy days and less sunshine, and windy weather occurs during the flowering period, which harms the flowering and fruit set of wine grapes. After mid-June, the precipitation increased compared with the same period of the last 30 years. Excessive rainfall results in disease control throughout the summer. There were two bursts during the mature picking period. Strong wind and large-scale rain had adverse effects on wine grape growth.