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Modern Linguistics 2023
国外法庭话语研究综述
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Abstract:
通过对Scopus数据库1966~2022年间法庭话语研究文献进行科学计量可视化分析，研究发现：Chaemsaithong发文量最高；Eades成为最高影响力作者。发文量前三为美国、英国和中国，仅美国具有强中介中心性。发文机构多样性充分体现了法庭话语研究的多学科交叉特点。语言与权力、互动角色、法庭口译、历史法庭话语、互文性和(不)礼貌现象是热点话题；语言与权力研究关注权力如何通过语言实施，以及专业背景、语言能力、种族和性别等因素如何导致权力的差异；互动角色研究突出法官角色多样性、律师的提问技巧和说服策略、被告的有限话语权与不利地位、证人可信度等话题；法庭口译研究关注译者角色、口译影响因素和口译对法庭影响等话题；历史法庭话语包括17世纪法庭话语特征和早期法庭话语演变；法庭互动互文性研究突出科学引用、书面文件引用等跨文本资源借用、混合和嵌入现象、转述言语和互话语分析。(不)礼貌研究包括幽默等常用礼貌策略，以及打断、模糊语、禁忌语和冒犯等不礼貌策略。
Based on the Scopus database of courtroom discourse research literature from 1966 to 2022, this study conducted a scientometric visual analysis and revealed that Chaemsaithong is the author with the most publications; Eades has become the most influential scholar; the United States, the United Kingdom, and China are the top 3 productive countries, but only the United States has a strong betweenness centrality. The diversity of publishing institutions fully reflects the multidisciplinary of courtroom discourse research. Language and power, interactive roles, courtroom interpreting, historical courtroom discourse, intertextuality, and (im)politeness are hot topics in courtroom discourse research. Language and power studies focus on how power is enacted through language and how factors such as professional background, language ability, race, and gender contribute to power differences. Interactive roles highlight the diverse roles of judges, questioning techniques and persuasive strategies of lawyers’ discourse, the limited power and disadvantage of defendants, and the credibility of witnesses. Courtroom interpretation research covers topics such as the role of the interpreter, factors influencing interpretation, and the impact of interpretation on the courtroom. Historical courtroom discourse includes the characteristics of 17th-century courtroom discourse and the evolution of early courtroom discourse. Intertextuality in courtroom interaction focuses on cross-textual resource borrowings such as scientific citations and written document citations, hybrid and embedding characteristics, reported speech, and interdiscursivity analysis. (Im)politeness in the courtroom includes common politeness strategies such as humor and impoliteness strategies such as interruption, hedge, taboo language, and offense.
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