|
|
死亡凸显对大学生群际信任的影响——一般信任的调节作用
|
Abstract:
死亡凸显效应是恐惧管理理论最重要的假设之一，指当个体意识到自身的死亡时，为了缓冲存在性焦虑而发生行为和态度的变化。已有研究发现死亡凸显导致个体对内群体成员的评价优于外群体，即群际态度的内群体偏好。本研究以大学生为对象，使用最简群体范式和信任博弈范式探究了死亡凸显对于群际信任的影响。结果显示：死亡凸显对大学生群际信任的效应受到个体一般信任的调节，一般信任较低的个体在死亡凸显条件下的内群体偏好低于控制条件，而一般信任较高的个体在死亡凸显条件下的内群体偏好高于控制条件。
Mortality salience effect is one of the most assumptions of terror management theory. It suggested that the reminder of individual’s own death can elicit worldview defense to buffer existential anxiety. It has been found that mortality salience led to improved attitude towards ingroup members comparing to outgroup members, i.e., ingroup bias. The current study tested the mortality salience effect on intergroup trust of university students, suggesting that mortality salience on intergroup trust was moderated by individuals’ general trust. Ingroup bias of trust increased after mortality salience in those high in general trust, and decreased in those who were low in general trust.
| [1] | 方杰, 温忠麟, 梁东梅, 李霓霓(2015). 基于多元回归的调节效应分析. 心理科学, 38(3), 715-720. |
| [2] | 柳武妹, 王海忠, 何浏(2014). 人之将尽,消费国货?死亡信息的暴露增加国货选择的现象、中介和边界条件解析. 心理学报, 46(11), 1748-1759. |
| [3] | 邱林, 郑雪, 王雁飞(2008). 积极情感消极情感量表(PANAS)的修订. 应用心理学, 14(3), 249-254+268. |
| [4] | 王益文, 张振, 原胜, 郭丰波, 何少颖, 敬一鸣(2015). 重复信任博弈的决策过程与结果评价. 心理学报, 47(8), 1028-1038. |
| [5] | 温芳芳, 佐斌(2018). 最简群体范式的操作、心理机制及新应用. 心理科学, 41(3), 713-719. |
| [6] | 辛素飞, 明朗, 辛自强(2013). 群际信任的增进:社会认同与群际接触的方法. 心理科学进展, 21(2), 290-299. |
| [7] | Arndt, J., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Simon, L. (1997). Suppression, Accessibility of Death-Related Thoughts, and Cultural Worldview Defense: Exploring the Psychodynamics of Terror Management. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.73.1.5 |
| [8] | Bates, D., M？chler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67, 1-48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01 |
| [9] | Ferrin, D. L., Bligh, M. C., & Kohles, J. C. (2007). Can I Trust You to Trust Me?: A Theory of Trust, Monitoring, and Cooperation in Interpersonal and Intergroup Relationships. Group & Organization Management, 32, 465-499.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601106293960 |
| [10] | Fritsche, I., Jonas, E., & Fankh？nel, T. (2008). The Role of Control Motivation in Mortality Salience Effects on Ingroup Support and Defense. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 524-541. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012666 |
| [11] | Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., Rosenblatt, A., Veeder, M., Kirkland, S., & Lyon, D. (1990). Evidence for Terror Management Theory II: The Effects of Mortality Salience on Reactions to Those Who Threaten or Bolster the Cultural Worldview. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 308-318. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.308 |
| [12] | Harmon-Jones, E., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Simon, L. (1996). The Effects of Mortality Salience on Intergroup Bias between Minimal Groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 677-681.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199607)26:4<677::AID-EJSP777>3.0.CO;2-2 |
| [13] | Lewicki, R., McAllister, D., & Bies, R. (1998). Trust and Distrust: New Relationships and Realities. The Academy of Management Review, 23, 438-458. https://doi.org/10.2307/259288 |
| [14] | Long, J. A. (2019). Interactions: Comprehensive, User-Friendly Toolkit for Probing Interactions.
https://cran.r-project.org/package=interactions |
| [15] | Nelson, L. J., Moore, D. L., Olivetti, J., & Scott, T. (1997). General and Personal Mortality Salience and Nationalistic Bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 884-892. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167297238008 |
| [16] | Peirce, J., Gray, J. R., Simpson, S., MacAskill, M., H？chenberger, R., Sogo, H., Kastman, E., & Lindel？v, J. K. (2019). PsychoPy2: Experiments in behavior made easy. Behavior Research Methods, 51, 195-203.
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-01193-y |
| [17] | Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., & Greenberg, J. (2015). Chapter One—Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory: From Genesis to Revelation. In J. M. Olson & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 52, pp. 1-70). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.03.001 |
| [18] | R Core Team. (2021). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
https://www.R-project.org/ |
| [19] | Robinson, A. L. (2020). Ethnic Diversity, Segregation and Ethnocentric Trust in Africa. British Journal of Political Science, 50, 217-239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123417000540 |
| [20] | Rosenblatt, A., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Lyon, D. (1989). Evidence for Terror Management Theory: I. The Effects of Mortality Salience on Reactions to Those Who Violate or Uphold Cultural Values.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 681-690. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.4.681 |
| [21] | RStudio Team. (2020). RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. RStudio, PBC. http://www.rstudio.com/ |
| [22] | Simon, L., Greenberg, J., Arndt, J., Pyszczynski, T., Clement, R., & Solomon, S. (1997). Perceived Consensus, Uniqueness, and Terror Management: Compensatory Responses to Threats to Inclusion and Distinctiveness Following Mortality Salience. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1055-1065. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672972310006 |
| [23] | Tam, K.-P., Chiu, C.-Y., & Lau, I. Y.-M. (2007). Terror Management among Chinese: Worldview Defence and Intergroup Bias in Resource Allocation. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 93-102.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2007.00216.x |
| [24] | Tam, T., Hewstone, M., Kenworthy, J., & Cairns, E. (2009). Intergroup Trust in Northern Ireland. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208325004 |
| [25] | Wickham, H. (2016). Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer. https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4 |
| [26] | Yamagishi, T., & Yamagishi, M. (1994). Trust and Commitment in the United States and Japan. Motivation and Emotion, 18, 129-166. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249397 |
| [27] | Yamagishi, T., Akutsu, S., Cho, K., Inoue, Y., Li, Y., & Matsumoto, Y. (2015). Two-Component Model of General Trust: Predicting Behavioral Trust from Attitudinal Trust. Social Cognition, 33, 436-458.
https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2015.33.5.436 |
