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面孔区域与侧向旋转对面孔整体加工的影响
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Abstract:
整体加工是人们识别面孔时的独特机制，它使得人们能够同时感知面孔的复数特征，从而快速、准确地将不同面孔区分开来。复杂多样的面孔信息是如何参与到整体加工中的？以往研究发现，知觉过程中不同面孔区域在整体加工中发挥的作用有所差异。比起下半脸，上半脸对整体加工的贡献更大。为了检验记忆过程中整体加工是否仍然存在区域差异，并进一步考虑面孔侧向旋转带来的影响，本文开展了两个实验，考察记忆过程中面孔区域和侧向旋转对整体加工的影响。本研究关注记忆表征中侧向旋转后立体面孔的不同区域在整体加工中的作用。本研究采用部分/整体范式，并增加了掩蔽刺激且控制了不同部件在数量上的天然差异，包含实验1和实验2。实验1共招募了21名被试完成增加了视觉掩蔽后的部分/整体任务；实验2共招募了21名被试完成进一步操纵了掩蔽时长且控制了部件数量的部分/整体任务。结果发现：1) 识别眼睛时的整体加工最强，且不受部件数量的影响。2) 眼睛和嘴巴的整体加工不受侧向旋转的影响。但侧向旋转后的鼻子所受到的整体阻碍更弱。综上，本研究认为：1) 知觉和记忆中的面孔是以眼睛为中心的整体表征，鼻子则以特征的方式独立表征。2) 面孔的整体表征具有立体性，是面孔的三维模型。
Holistic processing is a unique mechanism of face recognition, which enables people to perceive the complex features of faces at the same time, so as to distinguish different faces quickly and accurately. How does the complex and diverse face information participate in the holistic processing? Previous studies have found that different face regions play different roles in the holistic processing of perception. The upper half of the face contributes more to the holistic processing than the lower half. In order to test whether there are still regional differences in the overall processing during memory, and to further consider the influence of face yaw rotation, two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of face region and yaw rotation on the holistic processing during memory. This study focuses on the role of different regions of yaw rotated stereoscopic faces in the holistic processing of memory representations. This study uses a part/whole paradigm with masking stimuli and controls for natural differences in the number of different components, including experiments 1 and 2. In experiment 1, 21 subjects were recruited to complete part/whole task after adding visual masking. In experiment 2, a total of 21 subjects were recruited to complete a part/whole task that further manipulated the masking duration and controlled the number of components. The results showed that: 1) The holistic processing of eyes was strongest and was not affected by the number of parts. 2) The holistic processing of eyes and mouth is not affected by yaw rotation. But the holistic obstruction of a yaw rotated nose is weaker. To sum up, this study believes that: 1) Faces in perception and memory are represented as a whole with eyes as the center, while noses are represented independently in a characteristic way. 2) The holistic representation of faces is three-dimensional, which is a three-dimensional model of faces.
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