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考古学对当代问题的独特贡献——史前社会研究新进展
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Abstract:
作为一门研究过去的学科，近年来越来越多的考古学研究也开始涉及当代问题。考古学家对过去社会的阐释也逐渐进入到现代政治、经济、社会和生态环境的讨论当中。这些新进展的实现，一方面得益于近几十年来考古学数据的系统收集，另一方面也得益于交叉学科方法的不断实践应用。有鉴于此，本文选取了当今全球面临的四个重要问题和挑战，通过具体案例展示了考古学对于理解当代社会的贡献：1) 不平等问题，尤其是贫富分化的加剧；2) 市场的繁荣和抑制；3) 气候变化和人类社会应对；4) 社会系统的互动、预测和治理。这些成果表明，从考古证据中获得的经验知识不仅增加了我们对历史进程的了解，还使我们能够从更长时段的观察比较中回应关乎人类未来和命运的重要争论。
As a realm that studies the past, archaeology has increasingly expanded its scope to address con-temporary issues in recent years. Archeological interpretation of past societies is increasingly into discussions of modern politics, economics, society, and ecological environments. These new developments have been facilitated by the systematic collection of archaeological data over the past few decades, as well as the continuous application of interdisciplinary methods. Accordingly, this paper selects four important global issues and challenges facing the world today and demonstrates the contribution of archaeology to understanding contemporary society through specific examples: 1) Inequality, especially the increasing gap between rich and poor; 2) The boom and bust of markets; 3) Climate change and human society’s response; 4) Interaction, prediction, and governance of social systems. These achievements show that experiential knowledge gained from archaeological evidence not only increases our understanding of historical processes, but also enables us to respond to important debates concerning the future and fate of humanity through longer-term observational comparisons.
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