城市交通噪声源的分析及降噪处理措施
Analysis of Urban Traffic Noise Sources and Noise Reduction Measures

城市交通噪声是主要指机动车辆在市内交通干线上运行时所产生的噪声。城市交通噪声污染不可小觑，噪声会严重影响着人们的听力、身心和交流，干扰语言交谈和通信联络。交通振动一般频率比较低，人体脏器对低频振动非常敏感，因此低频振动对人身心的危害不容忽视。以北京市为例，调查显示，有相当一部分交通噪声超标，其中三环以内道路噪声最大。车子越重，车速越快，车流量越大，噪声分贝就越高。值得注意的是，公交车噪声污染位居交通噪声污染首列。北京市公交车的流量占全市车辆的5%~10%，但噪声的排放量却占交通噪声的40%~52%，一辆公交车所产生的噪声相当于21辆小车的排放水平。噪声源的污染程度同机动车辆的种类、数量、速度、运行状态、相互距离、鸣笛、道路宽度、坡度、干湿状态、路面情况及风速等多方面因素有关。为了进一步研究降低城市交通噪声的措施，本论文将分析噪声的来源，及其对居民的影响，总结传统的降低噪声的措施，提出降噪的新思路。
Urban traffic noise mainly refers to the noise generated by motor vehicles running on the urban traffic trunk line. Urban traffic noise pollution cannot be underestimated. Noise can seriously affect people’s hearing, body, mind, and communication, and interfere with language conversation and communication. The frequency of traffic vibration is generally relatively low, and human organs are very sensitive to low-frequency vibration. Therefore, the harm of low-frequency vibration to human body and mind cannot be ignored. Taking Beijing as an example, the survey shows that a considerable portion of traffic noise exceeds the standard, with the road noise within the Third Ring Road being the largest. The heavier the car, the faster the vehicle speed, the greater the traffic flow, and the higher the noise decibel. It is worth noting that bus noise pollution ranks first in traffic noise pollution. Bus traffic in Beijing accounts for 5% to 10% of the city’s vehicles, but noise emissions account for 40% to 52% of traffic noise. The noise generated by a bus is equivalent to the emission level of 21 small cars. The pollution level of noise sources is related to various factors such as the type, quantity, speed, operating state, mutual distance, whistle, road width, slope, dry and wet state, road surface conditions, and wind speed of motor vehicles. In order to further study measures to reduce urban traffic noise, this paper will analyze the sources of noise and its impact on residents, summarize traditional noise reduction measures, and propose new ideas for noise reduction.