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性别角色和性别刻板印象对运动参与及表现的影响
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Abstract:
性别角色是一种社会性规范信念，而性别刻板印象是一种描述性信念，两者同属性别信念系统。在运动领域，性别信念在解释运动性别差异方面的研究已经取得一定进展。一方面，从性别社会化的视角来研究性别信念的自我内化如何影响个体的运动参与和运动表现，包括性别图式理论和期望–价值理论。另一方面，已经开始有研究从情境理论的视角来探索运动表现的性别差异，包括刻板印象威胁理论和性别图式可及性相关理论。在未来的研究中，为了更清晰的了解性别信念对运动参与和表现的影响机制，需要考虑各种可能调节因素的影响，并据此设计相应的干预方案来缓解性别信念的不良影响。
Gender role is a kind of social norm belief, and gender stereotype is a kind of social description belief. Both belong to gender belief system. In the field of sports, some progress has been made in the study of gender beliefs in explaining sports gender differences. On the one hand, from the perspective of gender socialization, this paper studies how self-internalization of gender beliefs affects individuals’ sports participation and performance, including gender schema theory and expectation-value theory. On the other hand, studies have begun to explore gender differences in sports performance from the perspective of situational theory, including stereotype threat theory and gender schema accessibility theory. In future studies, in order to better understand the influence mechanism of gender beliefs on sports participation and performance, it is necessary to consider the influence of various possible moderating factors and design appropriate intervention programs to mitigate the adverse effects of gender beliefs.
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