明代巡按御史的地方司法职能初探——基于明代法律诉讼程序与司法机构框架
A Probe into the Local Judicial Function of the Ming Dynasty’s Patrol Governor—Based on the Framework of Legal Proceedings and Judicial Institutions in the Ming Dynasty

巡按御史作为明代设立的一种特殊官职，其品阶低而权力大，职权囊括经济、司法、监察、教化等多个方面，在所分巡的地方具有极其重要的作用。就明代地方的法律诉讼程序与司法机构框架来看，巡按御史作为都察院直属的中央官员参与到了案件诉讼与司法管理之中，进而实现了对地方的法律监督，并为民间诉讼提供了新的解决途径。其在维护中央集权与君主专制的同时，也有效惩治了地方贪官污吏，解决了部分民间诉讼，是封建社会法制建设的一项重要突破。尽官巡按御史制度仍具有局限性，但仍可为现代法制建设提供启示，是值得深刻研究的一项重要法制制度。
As a special official position established in the Ming Dynasty, the governor of the imperial court had a low rank and great power. His functions and powers included economic, judicial, supervi-sory, educational, and other aspects, and played an extremely important role in the areas under his supervision. From the perspective of local legal proceedings and the framework of judicial institutions in the Ming Dynasty, as a central official directly under the capital procurator ate, the governor participated in case litigation and judicial management, thereby realizing legal supervi-sion of the local authorities, and providing a new solution for civil litigation. While maintaining centralized power and autocratic monarchy, it also effectively punished local corrupt officials and solved some civil lawsuits, which was an important breakthrough in the construction of the legal system in feudal society. The system of performing official duties and patrolling the imperial court still has limitations, but it can still provide inspiration for the construction of modern legal systems. It is an important legal system that is worthy of in-depth study.