预防性环境行政公益诉讼必要性探究——以建设项目环境影响评价问题为切入点
Research on the Necessity of Preventive Environmental Administrative Public Interest Litigation—Starting from the Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects

新冠疫情的流行充分表明当代社会充满风险，环境风险是其中的重要一种。预防环境风险是国家的一项重大时代课题。虽然我国为预防环境风险，也建立了相应的防范体系，但是在司法实践中，事后救济仍是应对环境风险主要的方式；而目前各类环境风险在不断增加，现行环境公益诉讼救济方式已经无法满足需求。文章以建设项目环境影响评价中“未做环评先开工”和“形式环评”典型问题为切入点，通过对这两类问题的背后原因进行剖析，引出构建预防性环境行政公益诉讼的必要性，并从回应现代风险社会需求、推动国家生态文明建设、完善我国环境公益诉讼体系三个方面进一步阐明建立预防性环境行政公益诉讼的必要性，提出将行政机关的预防性行政行为纳入其中，由检察机关提起预防性环境行政公益诉讼，充分运用司法审查监督的功能，从源头上对环境风险进行预防，提高应对环境风险能力。
The COVID-19 pandemic has fully demonstrated that contemporary society is full of risks, of which environmental risks are an important one. Preventing the occurrence of environmental risk is an important task of our country. Although our country for the prevention of environmental risks, has built the corresponding prevention system, but in judicial practice, post-relief is still the main way to deal with environmental risks. At present, all kinds of environmental risks are increasing, and the current remedies for environmental public interest litigation can no longer meet the needs. Starting from the typical problems of “start before you do EIA” and “formal EIA” in environmental impact assessment of construction projects, this paper analyzes the reasons behind these two kinds of problems, and leads to the necessity of constructing preventive environmental administrative public interest litigation. In addition, it further expounds the necessity of establishing preventive environmental public interest litigation from three aspects of responding to the needs of modern risk society, promoting the construction of ecological civilization and perfecting our environmental public interest litigation system. It proposes to bring preventive administrative behaviors of administrative organs into it, and file preventive environmental public interest litigation by procuratorial organs, fully utilizing the function of judicial review and supervision. We should prevent environmental risks at their source and improve our ability to cope with them.