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新生儿低血糖脑损伤研究进展
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Abstract:
新生儿低血糖是一种常见的疾病。虽然大多数婴儿没有神经后遗症，但仍有少数持续发展出现严重的神经损伤。新生儿低血糖是脑损伤的主要原因之一，可能导致癫痫、认知异常、视觉障碍等中枢神经系统损害。低血糖性脑损伤的发生机制是多方面的，包括能量代谢异常、神经递质失衡、细胞凋亡、炎症反应和血糖波动等。脑影像学是目前诊断低血糖脑损伤及判断预后的重要手段。本文就新生儿低血糖脑损伤的发生机制、神经影像学特点及神经发育结局等进行综述。
Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common disease. While most infants have no neurological sequelae, a small number continue to develop severe neurological damage. Neonatal hypoglycemia is one of the main causes of brain injury, which may lead to epilepsy, cognitive abnormalities, visual impairment and other central nervous system damage. The mechanism of hypoglycemic brain injury is various, including abnormal energy metabolism, neurotransmitter imbalance, apoptosis, inflammatory re-sponse and blood sugar fluctuation. Brain imaging is an important means to diagnose hypoglycemic brain injury and predict prognosis. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, neuroimaging features and neurodevelopmental outcomes of hypoglycemic brain injury in neonates.
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