精神分裂症及神经症患者的社会支持现状及影响因素研究
Research of Social Support Status and Influencing Factors in Patients with Schizophrenia and Neurosis

目的：探讨精神分裂症及神经症患者的社会支持现状及潜在的影响因素。方法：以符合ICD-10诊断标准的各五十名康复期精神分裂症与神经症患者为研究对象，采用《社会支持评定量表》为研究工具进行调查研究。结果：1) 精神分裂症与神经症患者的社会支持总分均低于常模；2) 神经症患者的主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度及社会支持总分均及低于精神分裂症患者；3) 不同学历的精神分裂症患者在社会支持利用度上存在显著性差异，两两比较显示小学组患者的社会支持利用度低于初中组、高中组和大学组；4) 有配偶的患者在主观社会与社会支持总分上得分更高。结论：1) 精神分裂症及神经症患者社会支持不足；2) 神经症患者的社会支持低于精神分裂症患者；3) 教育水平影响精神分裂症患者的社会支持利用度；4) 配偶的支持影响精神分裂症和神经症患者的主观社会支持与社会总支持。
Objective: To explore the current status of social support and its influencing factors in patients with schizophrenia and neurosis. Methods: A total of 50 patients with schizophrenia and 50 pa-tients with neurosis who met the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 were selected as the research ob-jects, and the social support rating scale was used as the research tool for investigation. Results: 1) The total score of social support in patients with schizophrenia and neurosis was lower than that in the norm; 2) The total scores of subjective support, objective support, support utilization and social support of neurosis patients were lower than those of schizophrenia patients. 3) There were significant differences in the utilization of social support among schizophrenia patients with different education levels. The pairwise comparison showed that the primary school group had lower social support utilization than the junior high school, high school and university groups. 4) The scores of subjective social support and social support of patients with spouses were higher. Conclusions: 1) Patients with schizophrenia and neurosis have insufficient social support; 2) The social support of neurosis patients was lower than that of schizophrenia patients; 3) The educational level affected the utilization of social support in patients with schizophrenia; 4) Spousal support affected subjective social support and total social support in patients with schizophrenia and neurosis.