Rheumatic heart disease is the ultimate consequence of acute articular rheumatism.
It remains a public health problem in developing countries. It is a pathology found
in all countries of the world, with a clear predominance in developing countries.
In Senegal, the hospital prevalence of rheumatic heart disease is 30.5%. Its seriousness
lies in the risk of valvular sequel responsible for cardiac dysfunction that can
lead to death. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological,
diagnostic and evolutionary aspects of rheumatic
heart disease at the Albert Royer National Hospital Center of child (CHNEAR). We
had carried out a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study lasting
3 years from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. All children aged 4 to 17 hospitalized
at CHNEAR for rheumatic heart disease were included. The hospital prevalence was
0.8%. The average age was 10.9 years with a sex ratio of 0.875 in favor of girls.
85.47% of cases came from parents who had a low economic level of life. The history
of repeated angina and acute articular rhumatism (AAR) was found respectively in
22.69 and 15.13% of cases. The clinical symptomatology was dominated by heart failure
with 58.3% of cases, arthralgia in 7.5% of cases. The biological inflammatory syndrome
was found in 86.1%.73% of the patients had a positive antistreptolysin O antibody (ASLO). Cardiomegaly
was found in 89.7%. Heart doppler ultrasound found polyvalvular involvement in more
than half of the cases. Mitral insufficiency was the predominant valve disease in
98.20% of cases. The evolution was favorable in the majority of cases but 9.32%
of deaths were observed.
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