Neuropathy
is nerve damage that can cause chronic neuropathic pain, which is challenging
to cure and has a significant financial burden. Exercise therapies, including
High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and steady-state cardio, are being explored as potential treatments for
neuropathic pain. This systematic review compares the effectiveness of
HIIT and steady-state cardio for improving
function in neurological patients.This
article provides anoverview of the
systematic review conducted on the effects of exercise on neuropathic
patients, with a focus on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and
steady-state cardio. The authors conducted a comprehensive search of various
databases, identified relevant studies based on predetermined inclusion
criteria, and used the EPPI automation application to process the data. The final
selection of studies was based on validity and relevance, with redundant
articles removed.The
article reviews four studies that compare high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to
moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT)
on various health outcomes. The studies found that HIIT can improve
aerobic fitness, cerebral blood flow, and brain function in stroke patients;
lower diastolic blood pressure more than MICT and improve insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content
in obese individuals, potentially helping with the prevention and
management of type 2 diabetes. In people
with multiple sclerosis, acute exercise can decrease the plasma
neurofilament light chain while increasing the flow of the kynurenine pathway.The available clinical and preclinical data suggest that
References
[1]
Streckmann, F., Balke, M., Cavaletti, G., Toscanelli, A., Bloch, W., Decard, B.F., Lehmann, H.C. and Faude, O. (2022) Exercise and Neuropathy: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 52, 1043-1065.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01596-6
[2]
Finnerup, N.B., Kuner, R. and Jensen, T.S. (2020) Neuropathic Pain: From Mechanisms to Treatment. Physiological Reviews, 101, 259-301.
https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00045.2019
[3]
Schaefer, C., Sadosky, A., Mann, R., Daniel, S., Parsons, B., Tuchman, M., Anschel, A., Stacey, B.R., Nalamachu, S. and Nieshoff, E. (2014) Pain Severity and the Economic Burden of Neuropathic Pain in the United States: BEAT Neuropathic Pain Observational Study. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research, 2014, 483-496.
https://doi.org/10.2147/CEOR.S63323
[4]
Colloca, L., Ludman, T., Bouhassira, D., Baron, R., Dickenson, A.H., Yarnitsky, D., Freeman, R., Truini, A., Attal, N. and Finnerup, N.B. (2017) Neuropathic Pain. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3, Article No. 17002.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.2
[5]
Costigan, M., Scholz, J. and Woolf, C.J. (2009) Neuropathic Pain: A Maladaptive Response of the Nervous System to Damage. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 32, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135531
[6]
Woolf, C.J. and Mannion, R.J. (1999) Neuropathic Pain: Aetiology, Symptoms, Mechanisms, and Management. The Lancet, 353, 1959-1964.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01307-0
[7]
Woolf, C.J. (2011) Central Sensitization: Implications for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pain. Pain, 152, S2-S15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.030
[8]
Piercy, K.L., Troiano, R.P., Ballard, R.M., Carlson, S.A., Fulton, J.E., Galuska, D.A., George, S.M. and Olson, R.D. (2018) The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. JAMA, 320, 2020-2028. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.14854
[9]
Coswig, V.S., Gentil, P., Naves, J.P., Viana, R.B., Bartel, C. and Del Vecchio, F.B. (2016) Commentary: The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training vs Steady State Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity. Frontiers in Physiology, 7, Article No. 495. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00495
[10]
Lacorte, E., Gervasi, G., Bacigalupo, I., Vanacore, N., Raucci, U. and Parisi, P. (2019) A Systematic Review of the Microbiome in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, Article No. 727.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00727
[11]
Wallace, J., Byrne, C. and Clarke, M. (2014) Improving the Uptake of Systematic Reviews: A Systematic Review of Intervention Effectiveness and Relevance. BMJ Open, 4, e005834. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005834
[12]
Nielsen, J.Ø., Shrestha, A., Neupane, D. and Kallestrup, P. (2017) Non-Adherence to Anti-Hypertensive Medication in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 92443 Subjects. Journal of Human Hypertension, 31, 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2016.31
[13]
Krotofil, J., Mcpherson, P. and Killaspy, H. (2018) Service User Experiences of Specialist Mental Health Supported Accommodation: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies and Narrative Synthesis. Health and Social Care in the Community, 26, 787-800. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12570
[14]
Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P. and Stewart, L.A. (2015) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 Statement. Systematic Reviews, 4, 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
[15]
Hsu, C.-C., Fu, T.-C., Huang, S.-C., Chen, C.P.-C. and Wang, J.-S. (2021) Increased Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with High-Intensity Interval Training in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 64, Article ID: 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2020.03.010
[16]
Crozier, J., Roig, M., Eng, J.J., Mackay-Lyons, M., Fung, J., Ploughman, M., Bailey, D.M., Sweet, S.N., Giacomantonio, N. and Thiel, A. (2018) High-Intensity Interval Training after Stroke: An Opportunity to Promote Functional Recovery, Cardiovascular Health, and Neuroplasticity. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 32, 543-556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968318766663
[17]
Luo, W., Liu, T., Li, S., Wen, H., Zhou, F., Zafonte, R., Luo, X., Xu, M., Black-Schaffer, R. and Wood, L.J. (2019) The Serum BDNF Level Offers Minimum Predictive Value for Motor Function Recovery after Stroke. Translational Stroke Research, 10, 342-351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-018-0648-5
[18]
Perrey, S. (2013) Promoting Motor Function by Exercising the Brain. Brain Sciences, 3, 101-122. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci3010101
[19]
Way, K.L., Sultana, R.N., Sabag, A., Baker, M.K. and Johnson, N.A. (2019) The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Arterial Stiffness and 24 h Blood Pressure Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22, 385-391.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.09.228
[20]
Joisten, N., Rademacher, A., Warnke, C., Proschinger, S., Schenk, A., Walzik, D., Knoop, A., Thevis, M., Steffen, F. and Bittner, S. (2021) Exercise Diminishes Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain and Reroutes the Kynurenine Pathway in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 8, e982.
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000982
[21]
Joisten, N., Proschinger, S., Rademacher, A., Schenk, A., Bloch, W., Warnke, C., Gonzenbach, R., Kool, J., Bansi, J. and Zimmer, P. (2021) High-Intensity Interval Training Reduces Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis during Inpatient Rehabilitation. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 27, 1136-1139.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458520951382
[22]
Zimmer, P., Bloch, W., Schenk, A., Oberste, M., Riedel, S., Kool, J., Langdon, D., Dalgas, U., Kesselring, J. and Bansi, J. (2018) High-Intensity Interval Exercise Improves Cognitive Performance and Reduces Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 Serum Levels in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 24, 1635-1644. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458517728342
[23]
Laske, C., Banschbach, S., Stransky, E., Bosch, S., Straten, G., Machann, J., Fritsche, A., Hipp, A., Niess, A. and Eschweiler, G.W. (2010) Exercise-Induced Normalization of Decreased BDNF Serum Concentration in Elderly Women with Remitted Major Depression. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 13, 595-602.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145709991234
[24]
Hanssen, H., Minghetti, A., Faude, O., Schmidt-Trucksäss, A., Zahner, L., Beck, J. and Donath, L. (2018) Effects of Endurance Exercise Modalities on Arterial Stiffness in Patients Suffering from Unipolar Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, Article No. 311. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00311
