The utilization of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as
an alternative automobile fuel in Nigeria was studied, focusing on varying
different blend ratios of propane and butane as an alternative fuel in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, andspark ignition (SI) engine. Ricardo WAVE,
1-Dimensional engine simulator was used to model the internal combustion engine
where the different blend ratios of propane and butane (P100, P90B10, P80B20,
P70B30, P60B40 and P50B50) were tested and compared with a gasoline engine
operating under same conditions. From the simulation results for the different
LPG blends, there was no significant difference in the engine performance and emissions, but when
compared with pure gasoline, it was observed that the LPG showed improved
engine performance and lower emissions. The engine power output in using the
blends was 25% higher compared to using gasoline; CO emission was 50% less, UHC was 20% less while NOx at low speed was significantly lower.
References
[1]
Nilaj, D. and Nitesh, P.Y (2006) Investigation on Feasibility of LPG as a Fuel for Motorcycle. Rodriguez Institute of Technology, Mumbai.
[2]
Demirbas, A. (2002) Fuel Properties of Hydrogen, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for Transportation. Energy Sources, 24, 601-610. https://doi.org/10.1080/00908312.2002.11877434
[3]
Ambaliya, A.M., Patel, A.B. and Shaikh, M.A. (2014) Experimental Investigation on Effect of Compression Ratio and Spark Timing in Single Cylinder four Stroke C.I Engine Fuelled with LPG for Performance Enhancement. International Journal for Scientific Research and Development, 2, 441-444.
[4]
Ngang, E.A. and Abbe, V.N. (2018) Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Performance of a Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Use LPG as Secondary Fuel. Applied Thermal Engineering, 136, 462-474.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.03.022
[5]
Sulaiman, M.Y., Ayob, M.R. and Meran, I. (2013) Performance of Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Fueled by LPG. Procedia Engineering, 53, 579-585.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.074
[6]
Li, L. Wang, Z., Deng, B., Han, Y. and Wang, H. (2002) Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of a Small Spark-Ignited LPG Engine. International Spring Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exhibition, Reno, Nevada.
https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1738
[7]
Mustafa, K.F. and Gitano-Briggs, H.W. (2009) Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an Alternative Fuel in Spark Ignition Engine: Performance and Emission Characteristics. Proceedings of ICEE 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy and Environment, Malacca, 7-8 December 2009, 189-194.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENVIRON.2009.5398647
[8]
Chaichan, M.T., Kadhum, J.A. and Riza, K.S. (2016) Spark Ignition Engine Performance When Fueled with NG, LPG and Gasoline. Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology, 1, 105-116.
[9]
Ryskamp, R. (2017) Emissions and Performance of Liquefied Petroleum Gas as a Transportation Fuel: A Review. Center for Alternative Fuels, Engines and Emissions, West Virginia University.
[10]
https://www.ricardo.com/en
[11]
Giles, A.P. (2006) Alternative Fuels and Technology for Internal Combustion Engines. PhD Thesis, University of Wales, Cardiff.
[12]
Cordon, D., Dean, C., Steciak, J. and Beyerlein, S. (2007) One-Dimensional Engine Modeling and Validation Using Ricardo WAVE. National Institute for Advanced Transportation Technology, University of Idaho.
[13]
Claywell, M., Horkheimer, D. and Stockburger, D. (2006) Investigation of Intake Concepts for a Formula SAE Four-Cylinder Engine Using 1D/3D (Ricardo WAVE-VECTIS) Coupled Modeling Techniques. Motorsports Engineering Conference & Exposition. https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-3652
[14]
Ojapah, M.M., Zhao, H. and Zhang, Y. (2016) Effects of Ethanol on Combustion and Emissions of a Gasoline Engine Operating with Different Combustion Modes. International Journal of Engine Research, 17, 998-1011.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087416634517
[15]
Ojapah, M.M. (2016) Advanced Combustion Engines: Performance and Emissions. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, London.
[16]
LPG Installation Manual Version 1.2. https://www.opwglobal.com/
[17]
Pourkhesalian, A.M., Shamekhi, A.H. and Salimi, F. (2010) Alternative Fuel and Gasoline in an SI Engine: A Comparative Study of Performance and Emissions Characteristics. Journal of Fuel, 89, 1056-1063.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.11.025
