生猪粪水液态肥高量还田对黑土和风沙土养分含量的影响
Effects of Pig Manure Liquid Fertilizer Returning to Field in High Amount on Nutrient Content of Black Soil and Aeolian Sandy Soil

随着“南养北上”新布局，东北生猪养殖量迅速增加，产生了大量液体粪污。生猪液体粪污处理方向由“治理”转“利用”。为探究生猪粪水液态粪肥还田利用后对土壤肥力的影响，在辽宁省康平县玉米地开展试验，以常耕施肥为对照(黑土区BCK、沙土区SCK)，将生猪粪水厌氧发酵生成的液态肥以每亩20立方高量还田，研究猪粪水液态粪肥施用(黑土区BMS和沙土区SMS)对土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明：黑土区两次施用猪粪水后，有机碳、总碳、硝态氮、速效氮、总氮、有效磷、总磷含量均显著高于常规施肥处理显著，分别提高了60.89%、83.24%、120.53%、358.17%、58.83%、56.27%、95.82%，但土壤速效钾含量显著降低了49.34%。风沙土上施用猪粪水液态肥后，土壤硝态氮和有效磷含量均显著提高，分别提高了247.37%、105.34%。施用猪粪水液态肥后，黑土大部分养分含量提升幅度较大，增肥效果较好；风沙土与常规施肥处理土壤肥力差异不大。综上所述，在辽河流域黑土区施用猪粪水可显著提高土壤肥力，进而科学合理消纳猪粪水、促进东北地区黑土保墒培肥，并减少农业面源性污染，有利于推进东北地区种养结合循环利用模式。
With the new layout of “raising pigs from the south to the north”, the number of pigs raised in northeast China has increased rapidly, resulting in a large amount of liquid manure pollution. The treatment direction of pig liquid manure is changed from “treatment” to “utilization”. In order to explore the effects of returning liquid manure from pig manure to field on soil fertility, an experi-ment was carried out in Kangping County, Liaoning Province. Taking regular tillage and fertilization as the control (BCK in black soil area and SCK in sandy soil area), the liquid fertilizer generated by anaerobic fermentation from pig manure was returned to field at a high rate of 20 cubic meters per mu. The effects of liquid manure application (BMS in black soil area and SMS in sandy soil area) on soil nutrient content were studied. The results showed that: In the black soil area, the contents of organic carbon, total carbon, nitrate nitrogen, available nitrogen, total nitrogen, Available phosphorus and total phosphorus were significantly increased by 60.89%, 83.24%, 120.53%, 358.17%, 58.83%, 56.27% and 95.82%, respectively, after two application of pig manure water, but the soil available potassium content was significantly reduced by 49.34%. After the application of pig manure liquid fertilizer on the wind-blown sandy soil, the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil were significantly increased by 247.37% and 105.34%, re-spectively. After the application of liquid fertilizer with pig manure water, the content of most nu-trients in black soil increased greatly, and the fertilizer effect was good. There was little difference in soil fertility between aeolian sand and conventional fertilization. In conclusion, the application of pig manure water in the black soil area of Liaohe River Basin can significantly improve soil fertility, so as to scientifically and rationally absorb pig manure water, promote soil moisture conservation and fertilizer cultivation in northeast China, and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, which is