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两种超重肺损伤动物模型对比研究
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Abstract:
目的：对比分析胸背向过载下新西兰家兔、猕猴两种动物模型的肺脏损伤评分、病理表现差异，及其在超重肺损伤诊断研究中的应用价值。方法：依托数控动物离心机分别模拟过载峰值为13 g (家兔组)与15 g (猕猴组)的胸背向超重暴露环境，观察加载过后动物大体解剖情况并结合肺损伤评分及光镜下损伤表现，综合分析两种动物超重肺损伤程度及损伤表现的异同。结果：高级别胸背向超重加载后，两组动物均表现出一定程度的点片状出血、塌陷、水肿等现象，根据OIS定级与AIS评分结果，猕猴肺脏损伤程度更高，出血面积更大。光镜下结果显示，家兔组主要表现为高度肺不张、肺泡壁增厚水肿以及局部肺组织出血；猕猴组则表现出大面积的出血实质变，且大量肺泡壁断裂，几乎不见正常肺泡结构。结论：胸背向高过载暴露后，家兔、猕猴肺脏的损伤形式与病理表现相似，猕猴组损伤程度更高，伤情更重。本研究可为人体超重肺损伤研究提供良好的动物实验模型，为制定防护方案提供理论依据。
Objective: To compare and analyze the difference of lung injury score and pathological manifestations of New Zealand rabbits and macaques under chest back overload, and its application value in the diagnosis of hypergravity lung injury. Methods: Numerical control animal centrifuge was used to simulate the chest and back exposed environments with overload peak value of 13g (rabbit group) and 15g (macaque group). The gross anatomy of the animals after loading was observed, combined with lung injury score and injury performance under light microscope, and the similarities and differences of the degree of lung injury and injury performance of the two animals were comprehensively analyzed. Results: Both groups of animals showed a certain degree of spot-like bleeding, collapse, edema and other phenomena after high grade of chest and back superheavy loading. According to the OIS and AIS scores, the degree of lung damage in macaques was higher and the bleeding area was larger. The results of light microscopy showed that the rabbit group mainly presented with high atelectasis, thickened alveolar wall edema and local lung tissue bleeding. The macaque group showed extensive hemorrhagic parenchyma changes, and a large number of alveolar wall rupture, almost no normal alveolar structure. Conclusion: The lung injury forms and pathological manifestations of rabbits and macauqes were similar after exposure to chest and back high overload, and the injury degree and severity of rhesus monkeys were higher. This study can provide a good animal experimental model for the study of human overweight lung injury, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of protective programs.
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