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认知训练对阿尔茨海默病的作用机制及其影响研究
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Abstract:
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s Disease, AD)是一种以进行性认知功能障碍和行为损害为特征的中枢神经系统退行性病变，其病理特征是A β、tau蛋白等异常积累，主要表现为认知功能障碍和记忆力减退。本文旨在分析探究认知训练对AD患者的作用机制、疗效及重要性，为今后制定更为科学合理的认知训练方案提供依据。通过文献分析法，查找Pubmed资料库中认知训练对AD的干预效果的科学研究。发现针对AD患者的认知训练主要包括计算机化认知训练(Computerised Cognitive Training, CCT)、纸笔认知训练 (Paper-Based Cognitive Training, PBCT)、运动和多元认知训练，通过促进大脑中的神经可塑性机制保持完整区域改善其功能，减少认知缺陷，提高老年人的认知功能，从而治疗AD，降低AD发病率。因此，不同的认知训练方法可根据AD患者的病情程度和个人表现水平应用进行适用性调整，合适的认知训练是保障日常需求、提高认知能力、延缓AD进展的有效措施，对AD患者是有益的，但仍需进一步的临床试验研究。
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment. It is characterized by abnormal accumulation of A β and tau proteins, which are mainly manifested by cognitive dysfunction and memory loss. This study aims to analyze and explore the mechanism, efficacy and importance of cognitive training for AD patients, so as to provide a basis for developing more scientific and rational cognitive training programs in the future. Through literature analysis, scientific studies on the intervention effect of cognitive training on AD in Pubmed databases were searched. It is found that cognitive training for AD patients mainly includes computerised cognitive training, paper-based cognitive training, exercise and multi-component cognitive training can improve the function of the regions in the brain by promoting the neuroplasticity mechanism to remain intact, reduce cognitive deficits and improve cognitive function in the elderly, so as to treat AD and reduce the incidence of AD. Therefore, different cognitive training methods can be applied to adjust their applicability according to the degree of disease and individual performance level of AD patients. Appropriate cognitive training is an effective measure to ensure daily needs, improve cognitive ability and delay the progression of AD, which is beneficial to AD patients, but further clinical trials and studies are still needed.
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