沙湾区中小学生生长发育及其常见病状况调查分析
Investigation and Analysis on the Growth and Development of Primary and Secondary School Students in Shawan District and the Current Situation of Their Common Diseases

目的：了解沙湾区中小学生生长发育及其常见病现状，为评价学生健康水平提供参考。方法：对沙湾区2598名学生进行生长发育及5种常见病监测。数据采用Epidata建库，使用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析。采用χ2检验比较常见病在男生和女生间的检出情况；采用Logistic回归分析考察影响学生近视的主要因素，检验水准取α = 0.05。结果：男生和女生的营养不良率分别为7.66%和4.19%；龋患率为33.43%和43.89%；血压偏高率为12.25%和14.10%；脊柱弯曲率为1.38%和0.26%；近视率为59.42%和65.10%。男生发生营养不良(χ2 = 13.340, P< 0.001)和脊柱弯曲(χ2 = 9.115, P < 0.01)的比率高于女生；女生发生龋齿(χ2 = 29.759, P < 0.001)和近视(χ2 = 4.159, P < 0.05)的比率高于男生。性别女、每天作业时间 > 2 h、读写没有遵循“一拳原则”、父母有近视是近视发生的危险因素(P < 0.05)；每天眼保健操次数 > 1次、每天睡眠时间小时 > 8 h是近视发生的保护因素(P < 0.05)。结论：学生常见病的发生率以近视居首、龋患次之，除血压偏高外其余4种常见病在性别间差异显著，学校及有关部门应予以高度重视。
Objective: To understand the growth and development of primary and secondary school students in Shawan District and the current situation of their common diseases, and to provide reference for evaluating the health level of students. Methods: The growth and development of 2598 students in Shawan District and their 5 common diseases were monitored. The data were established by Epidata database, and SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square test was used to compare the detection of common diseases between male and female students; The main factors influencing students’ myopia were analyzed by Logistic regression, and the test level was set at α = 0.05. Results: The rates of malnutrition in boys and girls were 7.66% and 4.19%, respectively; the rates of dental caries were 33.43% and 43.89%, respectively; the rates of high blood pressure were 12.25% and 14.10%, respectively; the rates of spinal curvature were 1.38% and 0.26%, respectively; and the rates of myopia rate were 59.42% and 65.10%, respectively. The incidence of malnutrition (χ2 = 13.340, P<0.001) and spinal curvature (χ2 = 9.115, P<0.01) in boys was higher than that in girls. The incidence of dental caries (χ2 = 29.759, P<0.001) and myopia (χ2 = 4.159, P < 0.05) in girls was higher than that in boys. The risk factors of myopia were female, homework time > 2 h per day, reading and writing did not follow the “one punch principle”, and parents with myopia (P < 0.05); The number of eye exercise > 1 times per day and sleep time > 8 h per day were the protective factors for myopia detection (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of myopia ranked first among common diseases among students, followed by dental caries. Except for high blood pressure, the other 4 common diseases had significant differences between genders. Schools and relevant departments should pay great attention to them.