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单细胞转录组测序技术在皮肤恶性黑色素瘤中的研究进展
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Abstract:
皮肤恶性黑色素瘤是恶性黑色素瘤的一种常见类型，具有极强的转移性和侵袭性，同时具有高突变负荷、肿瘤间和肿瘤内遗传异质性以及复杂的肿瘤微环境。黑色素瘤潜在机制的深度研究对于理解肿瘤进展和对治疗的反应至关重要。本文总结了单细胞转录组测序技术在黑色素瘤研究中的应用，从构建皮肤黑色素瘤的基因表达图谱、表征肿瘤间和肿瘤内的异质性和探究肿瘤微环境等方面深度剖析其在皮肤恶性黑色素瘤中的研究进展。并且介绍了目前常用的单细胞转录组数据库及其特点。最后，本文介绍了可与单细胞转录组测序技术结合应用的空间转录组技术，作为当下的研究热点，空间转录组技术与单细胞测序技术结合应用可从时间和空间两个维度重塑肿瘤微环境，为深入了解肿瘤提供了可以继续扩展的框架。
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a common type of malignant melanoma, which has strong metastatic and invasive, high mutation load, genetic heterogeneity between and within tumors and complex tumor microenvironment. In-depth study of the underlying mechanisms of melanoma is essential for understanding tumor progression and response to treatment. This paper summarizes the application of single cell transcriptome sequencing technology in tumor research, and deeply analyzes its research progress in cutaneous malignant melanoma from the aspects of constructing gene expression map of cutaneous melanoma, characterizing heterogeneity between and within tumors, and exploring tumor microenvironment. The common single cell transcriptome databases and their characteristics are also introduced. Finally, this paper introduces the spatial transcriptome technology which can be combined with single cell transcriptome sequencing technology. As a current research hotspot, the combination of spatial transcriptome technology and single cell sequencing technology can reshape the tumor microenvironment from two dimensions of time and space, and provide a framework for further understanding of tumors.
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