突发公共事件背景下的地方政府社会治理能力评估研究
Evaluation of Local Government’s Social Governance Ability under the Background of Public Emergencies

地方政府社会治理能力是国家治理能力的重要组成部分。政府的治理绩效与其治理能力直接相关，当突发公共事件发生时尤甚。在梳理相关文献的基础上，从基础保障能力、组织动员能力、扶植恢复能力、科技支撑能力、指挥领导能力和应急响应速度六个维度构建了突发公共事件下的地方政府社会治理能力评价指标体系。综合利用网络爬虫技术与统计年鉴收集数据，进行主成分分析，对我国31个省市在突发公共事件发生下的社会治理能力水平进行评分、划类和排序，分析我国地方政府社会治理能力的现状并提出相关建议。研究发现全国各地方政府在突发公共事件下的社会治理能力呈橄榄型分布，北京市在本次新冠肺炎疫情下的社会治理能力表现最优，两极分化严重；组织动员能力和基础保障能力是影响地方政府在突发公共事件背景下社会治理效力的重要维度，从这两个方面精准发力是提升社会治理能力的可行路径。
Local government social governance is an important part of national governance. The governance performance of government is directly related to its governance ability, especially when public emergencies occur. Based on the review of relevant literature, the evaluation index system of local government’s social governance ability under public emergencies is constructed from six dimensions: basic support ability, organizational mobilization ability, support and recovery ability, scientific and technological support ability, command and leadership ability and emergency response speed. By comprehensively using web crawler technology and statistical yearbook to collect data, principal component analysis was conducted to score, classify and rank the social governance capacity of 31 provinces and cities under the occurrence of public emergencies, analyze the current situation of local government social governance capacity and put forward relevant suggestions. The study found that the social governance capacity of local governments in public emergencies showed an olive distribution, and Beijing showed the best performance of social governance capacity under the COVID-19 epidemic, with serious polarization. Organizational mobilization ability and basic security ability are important dimensions that affect the effectiveness of local government in social governance under the background of public emergencies. Precise efforts from these two aspects are the feasible path to improve social governance ability.