In order to provide a consistent explanation for Aristotelian modal syllogistic, this paper reveals the reductions between the Aristotelian modal syllogism ◇I□A◇I-3 and the other valid modal syllogisms. Specifically, on the basis of formalizing Aristotelian modal syllogisms, this paper proves the validity of ◇I□A◇I-3 by means of the truth value definition of (modal) categorical propositions. Then in line with classical propositional logic and modal logic, generalized quantifier theory and set theory, this paper deduces the other 47 valid Aristotelian modal syllogisms from the modal syllogism ◇I□A◇I-3. This study shows that the reasons why these syllogisms are reducible are: 1) any of Aristotelian quantifier can be defined by the other three Aristotelian quantifiers; 2) the Aristotelian quantifiers some and no have symmetry; 3) the possible modality ◇ and necessary modality □ can be mutually defined. This formal study of Aristotelian modal syllogistic not only conforms to the needs of formalization transformation of various information in the era of artificial intelligence, but also provides a unified mathematical research paradigm for other kinds of syllogistic.
References
[1]
Chagrov, A., & Zakharyaschev, M. (1997). Modal Logical. Clarendon Press.
[2]
Hao, Y. J. (2016). Formal Research on Discourse Reasoning in Natural Language. Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 1, 33-37. (In Chinese)
[3]
Johnson, F. (1989). Models for Modal Syllogisms. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 30, 271-284. https://doi.org/10.1305/ndjfl/1093635084
[4]
Johnson, F. (2004). Aristotle’s Modal Syllogisms. Handbook of the History of Logic, 1, 247-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-5857(04)80006-2
[5]
Li, H. (2023). Reduction between Categorical Syllogisms Based on the Syllogism EIO-2. Applied Science and Innovative Research, 7, 30-37. https://doi.org/10.22158/asir.v7n1p30
[6]
Łukasiewicz, J. (1957). Aristotle’s Syllogistic: From the Standpoint of Modern Formal Logic (2nd ed.). Clarendon Press.
[7]
Malink, M. (2006). A Reconstruction of Aristotle’s Modal Syllogistic. History and Philosophy of Logic, 27, 95-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340500405130
[8]
Malink, M. (2013). Aristotle’s Modal Syllogistic. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674726352
[9]
McCall, S. (1963). Aristotle’s Modal Syllogisms, Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics. North-Holland Publishing Company.
[10]
Patzig, G. (1969). Aristotle’s Theory of the Syllogism. D. Reidel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0787-9
[11]
Peters, S., & Westerståhl, D. (2006). Quantifiers in Language and Logic. Clarendon Press.
[12]
Protin, C. L. (2022). A Logic for Aristotle’s Modal Syllogistic. History and Philosophy of Logic. https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2022.2107382
[13]
Smith, R. (1995). Article Logic. In J. Barnes (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle (pp. 27-65). Cambridge University Press.
[14]
Thomson, S. K. (1993). Semantic Analysis of the Modal Syllogistic. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 22, 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049258
[15]
Thomson, S. K. (1997). Relational Models for the Model Syllogistic. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 26, 129-141. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004200616124
[16]
Wei, L. (2023). Formal System of Categorical Syllogistic Logic Based on the Syllogism AEE-4. Open Journal of Philosophy, 13, 97-103. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2023.131006
[17]
Zhang, X. J. (2016). The Validity of Generalized Syllogisms Including the Intermediate Quantifier Most. Journal of Hunan University of Science & Technology (Social Science Edition), 4, 27-31. (In Chinese)
[18]
Zhang, X. J. (2018). Axiomatization of Aristotelian Syllogistic Logic Based on Generalized Quantifier Theory. Applied and Computational Mathematics, 7, 167-172. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.acm.20180703.23
[19]
Zhang, X. J. (2019). Screening out All Valid Aristotelian Modal Syllogisms. Applied and Computational Mathematics, 8, 95-104. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.acm.20190806.12
[20]
Zhang, X. J. (2020). Reducible Relations between/among Aristotelian Modal Syllogisms. SCIREA Journal of Computer, 5, 1-33.
[21]
Zhang, X. J., & Huang, M. Y. (2020). Assertion or Rejection of Łukasiewicz’s Assertoric Syllogism System ŁA. Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2, 10-18. (In Chinese)
[22]
Zhang, X. J., & Li, S. (2016). Research on the Formalization and Axiomatization of Traditional Syllogisms. Journal of Hubei University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 6, 32-37. (In Chinese)
[23]
Zhang, X. J., Li, H., & Hao, Y. J. (2022). How to Deduce the Remaining 23 Valid Syllogisms from the Validity of the Syllogism EIO-1. Applied and Computational Mathematics, 11, 160-164.
[24]
Zhou, B. H., Wang, Q., & Zheng, Z. (2018). Aristotle’s Division Lattice and Aristotelian Logic. Logic Research, 2, 2-20. (In Chinese)