多歧与复调：民初四川国学学校学术分科的西化过程
Divergence and Polyphony: The Process of Westernization of Academic Sub-Disciplines at the Sichuan National School in the Early Republic of China

20世纪的中国学术受到西潮冲击，以西式分科为基准，强调学术专科化成为一大显著表征。然而以中学来适应西学的学术分科又存在着双方难以充分绾合的困境。作为民初蜀中唯一的专门性国学研究和教学机构，四川国学学校迟至1918年底始在官方“训令”要求下将学科设置的西化工作提上日程。在预拟章程草案中，校方仍然大体延续此前既存的办学模式和框架，与教育部定章乃至川省当局的明文要求明显异趣，从一个特定的重要视角折射出民初四川在当时整个传统学术文化嬗替进程中的多歧特性。尽管无法全然抵拒西式文科学术类分体制自上而下的推行趋向，但至少从该校的课程设置和教学授受层面来看，由传统经史学问的研习理路向西式文科类分观念下“学术研究”的转变在蜀中是相对滞后于教育部定章且不无迟疑和忧虑的过程。
In the twentieth century, Chinese academics were affected by the Western tide, and the West-ern-style division of academic disciplines and the emphasis on academic specialization became a prominent feature. However, the dilemma of adapting the academic division of secondary school to Western studies is that it is difficult for the two sides to fully integrate. As the only specialized institution for the study and teaching of Chinese studies in Shu in the early years of the Republic of China, the Sichuan School of Chinese Studies was required by official “orders” to put the Westernization of academic subjects on the agenda as late as the end of 1918. In the pre-drafted constitution, the school continued to operate largely on the same model and framework as before, in contrast to the explicit requirements of the Ministry of Education and the Sichuan provincial authorities, reflecting from a specific and important perspective the divergent nature of Sichuan in the process of transmutation of traditional academic culture during the early Republican period. Although it was impossible to resist the top-down trend of the Western-style academic classification system, at least at the level of the school’s curriculum and teaching, the transformation from the traditional study of scripture and history to “academic research” under the Western-style academic classification concept was a process that lagged behind the Ministry of Education’s regulations and was not without hesitation and anxiety.