|
|
应激的文化特征及文化适应性
|
Abstract:
应激表现出文化特征，文化环境不仅影响个体对事件能否成为应激源的评估，而且通过塑造人格影响应激反应。文章首先从应激源的评估角度探讨了应激的文化特征；然后以自我构念和自尊人格为例，分析了文化对人格的塑造进而影响应激反应；最后作者提出与文化相容的人格表现出高效皮质醇应激反应和更积极的心理健康指标。未来研究可以进一步探讨文化影响应激的神经机制并结合当前文化混搭的背景讨论应激反应文化适应性的现实意义。
Stress shows culture specificity. Not only does the culture influence individuals’ assessment of stressors, but also affects the stress response by shaping the personality. Present study first dis-cusses the influence of culture specificity on stressor assessment. Then it analyzes how culture shapes personality and thus affects stress responses, using self-construal and self-esteem as ex-amples. Finally, author proposes culturally compatible personalities that exhibit efficient cortical stress responses and more positive mental health indicators. Future research can further explore the neural mechanism of cultural influence on stress and discuss the relevance of acculturation of stress responses in the context of cultural mixing.
| [1] | Fries, E., Dettenborn, L. and Kirschbaum, C. (2009) The Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR): Facts and Future Directions. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 72, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.014 |
| [2] | Burt, K.B., Obradovi？, J. and Leu, J. (2018) Self-Construal, Family Context, and the Cortisol Awakening Response in First- and Second-Generation Asian American College Students. Emerging Adulthood, 6, 104-117.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696817706039 |
| [3] | Seeley, E.A. and Gardner, W.L. (2003) The “Selfless” and Self-Regulation: The Role of Chronic Other-Orientation in Averting Self-Regulatory Depletion. Self and Identity, 2, 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309034 |
| [4] | Aruta, J.J.B.R., Antazo, B.G. and Paceo, J.L. (2021) Self-Stigma Is Associated with Depression and Anxiety in a Collectivistic Context: The Adaptive Cultural Function of Self-Criticism. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 155, 238-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2021.1876620 |
| [5] | 李娜, 谢玲, 徐佳军, 杨彦春. 文化脑、认知与灾后康复[J]. 上海精神医学, 2010, 22(S1): 461-462. |
| [6] | Zhu, Y., et al., Neural basis of cultural influence on self-representation. NeuroImage, 2007(3): p. 34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.08.047 |
| [7] | Chiao, J.Y., et al. (2010) Dynamic Cultural Influences on Neural Representations of the Self. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21192 |
| [8] | Ng, S.H., Han, S., Mao, L. and Lai, J.C.L. (2010) Dynamic Bicultural Brains: FMRI Study of Their Flexible Neural Representation of Self and Significant Others in Response to Culture Primes. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2010.01303.x |
| [9] | Han, S. and Ma, Y. (2014) Cultural Differences in Human Brain Activity: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis. NeuroImage, 99, 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.062 |
| [10] | Figueiredo, H.F., Bruestle, A., Bodie, B., Dolgas, C.M. and Herman, J.P. (2003) The Medial Prefrontal Cortex Differentially Regulates Stress-Induced C-Fos Expression in the Forebrain Depending on Type of Stressor. European Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 2357-2364. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02932.x |
| [11] | Radley, J.J., Arias, C.M. and Sawchenko, P.E. (2006) Regional Differentiation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Regulating Adaptive Responses to Acute Emotional Stress. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 12967-12976.
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4297-06.2006 |
| [12] | Sullivan, R.M. and Gratton, A. (2002) Prefrontal Cortical Regulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Function in the Rat and Implications for Psychopathology: Side Matters. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27, 99-114.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00038-5 |
| [13] | Chiu, C.-Y., Gries, P., Torelli, C.J. and Cheng, S.Y.Y. (2011) Toward a Social Psychology of Globalization. Journal of Social Issues, 67, 663-676. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01721.x |
| [14] | 赵志裕, 吴莹, 杨宜音. 文化混搭: 文化与心理研究的新里程(代卷首语) [J]. 中国社会心理学评论, 2015(1): 1-18+276-277. |
| [15] | Reid, A. and Deaux, K. (1996) Relationship between Social and Personal Identities: Segregation or Integration? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 71, 1084-1091. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1084 |
| [16] | Chiu, C.-Y. and Hong, Y.-Y. (2006) Social Psychology of Culture. Psychology Press, New York. |
| [17] | Lehman, D.R., Chiu, C.Y. and Schaller, M. (2004) Psychology and Culture. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 689-714. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141927 |
| [18] | 杨宝琰, 万明钢. 跨文化心理学中的压力和应对研究[J]. 心理科学, 2008, 31(4): 925-928. |
| [19] | Heine, S.J. and Lehman, D.R. (1995) Cultural Variation in Unrealistic Optimism: Does the West Feel More Invulnerable Than the East? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 595-607.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.595 |
| [20] | 凌文辁, 方俐洛, 王崇巍. 中美大学生应激相关问题的跨文化比较[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2005, 19(5): 327-329. |
| [21] | Sharkey, W.F. and Singelis, T.M. (1995) Embarrassability and Self-Construal: A Theoretical Integration. Personality & Individual Differences, 19, 919-926. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(95)00125-5 |
| [22] | Cousins, S.D. (1989) Culture and Self-Perception in Japan and the United-states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 124-131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.124 |
| [23] | Markus, H.R. and Kitayama, S. (1991) Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224 |
| [24] | Okazaki, S. (1997) Sources of Ethnic Differences between Asian American and White American College Students on Measures of Depression and Social Anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 52-60.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.1.52 |
| [25] | Hu, X., Wang, Y., Pruessner, J.C. and Yang, J. (2018) Interdependent Self-Construal, Social Evaluative Threat and Subjective, Cardiovascular and Neuroendocrine Stress Response in Chinese. Hormones and Behavior, 106, 112-121.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.10.006 |
| [26] | Okuno, S. and Kobayashi, M. (2007) Indepen-dent/Interdependent Self-Construal and Psychological Stress: Junior High School Students. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 55, 550-559. (In Japanese)
https://doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.55.4_550 |
| [27] | Kawabata, Y., Tseng, W.-L. and Murray-Close, D. (2017) Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal and Gender Predicting Blood Pressure Reactivity and Recovery From Stress in Early Adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 27, 782-796. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12314 |
| [28] | Hu, X., Ren, X. and Yang, J. (2019) Interdependent Self-Construal Modulates the Adrenocortical Stress Response in the Socially Evaluated Cold-Pressor Test. Stress, 22, 679-686. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2019.1617268 |
| [29] | He, Y., Fan, J. and Yang, J. (2021) An Efficient Acute Stress Response in Chinese Individuals with High Interdependent Self-Construal. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 34, 335-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1846724 |
| [30] | Guan, S.A., et al. (2017) Culture Moderates the Effect of Social Support Across Communication Contexts in Young Adult Women in the United States. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 775-784.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.048 |
| [31] | Shelton, A.J., Wang, C.D. and Zhu, W. (2017) Perceived Social Support and Mental Health: Cultural Orientations as Moderators. Journal of College Counseling, 20, 194-207. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12062 |
| [32] | 任曦, 王妍, 胡翔, 杨娟. 社会支持缓解高互依自我个体的急性心理应激反应[J]. 心理学报, 2019, 51(4): 497-506. |
| [33] | Hansford, M. and Jobson, L. (2022) Sociocultural Context and the Posttraumatic Psychological Response: Considering Culture, Social Support, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14, 669-679. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001009 |
| [34] | Drazkowski, D., Behnke, M. and Kaczmarek, L.D. (2021) I Am Afraid, So I Buy It! the Effects of Anxiety on Consumer Assimilation and Differentiation Needs Amongst Individuals Primed with Independent and Interdependent Self-Construal. PLOS ONE, 16, e0256483. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256483 |
| [35] | Pruessner, J.C., et al. (1997) Free Cortisol Levels after Awakening: A Reliable Biological Marker for the Assessment of Adrenocortical Activity. Life Sciences, 61, 2539-2549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(97)01008-4 |
| [36] | 杨娟, 张庆林. 从社会认知神经科学角度谈自尊研究[J]. 心理学探新, 2010, 30(2): 15-18. |
| [37] | Tafarodi, R.W. and Swann Jr., W.B. (1996) Individualism-Collectivism and Global Self-Esteem: Evidence for a Cultural Trade-off. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 651-672. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022196276001 |
| [38] | 黄希庭, 尹天子. 从自尊的文化差异说起[J]. 心理科学, 2012, 35(1): 2-8. |
| [39] | Pruessner, J.C., et al. (2005) Self-Esteem, Locus of Control, Hippocampal Volume, and Cortisol Regulation in Young and Old Adulthood. NeuroImage, 28, 815-826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.014 |
| [40] | O’Donnell, K., Brydon, L., Wright, C.E. and Steptoe, A. (2008) Self-Esteem Levels and Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Responses to Acute Stress. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22, 1241-1247.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2008.06.012 |
| [41] | 杨娟, 侯燕, 杨瑜, 陈伟海. 自尊与心理性应激的关系初探[J]. 心理科学, 2013, 36(3): 675-680. |
| [42] | Yang, L.-Q., Bauer, J., Johnson, R.E., Groer, M.W. and Salomon, K. (2014) Physiological Mechanisms That Underlie the Effects of Interactional Unfairness on Deviant Behavior: The Role of Cortisol Activity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99, 310-321. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034413 |
| [43] | 陈禹, 等. 自尊与心理性应激反应的关系: 社会认可需求的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2014, 30(4): 435-441. |
| [44] | Singelis, T.M. (1994) The Measurement of Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 580-591. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167294205014 |
| [45] | Cross, S.E., Gore, J.S. and Morris, M.L. (2003) The Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal, Self-Concept Consistency, and Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 933-944.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.933 |
| [46] | Berry, J.W. (2005) Acculturation: Living Successfully in Two Cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 697-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013 |
| [47] | Jobson, L., et al. (2022) Investigating the Associations between Cognitive Appraisals, Emotion Regulation and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Asian American and European American Trauma Survivors. Scientific Reports, 12, Article No. 18127. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22995-3 |
| [48] | Bjorck, J.P., Cuthbertson, W., Thurman, J.W. and Lee, Y.S. (2001) Ethnicity, Coping, and Distress among Korean Americans, Filipino Americans, and Caucasian Americans. Journal of Social Psychology, 141, 421-442.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540109600563 |
| [49] | Yamaguchi, A., Kim, M.S., Oshio, A. and Akutsu, S. (2016) Relationship between Bicultural Identity and Psychological Well-Being Among American and Japanese Older Adults. Health Psychology Open, 3, Article ID: 2055102916650093.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102916650093 |
| [50] | Keersmaecker, J.D., Van Assche, J. and Roets, A. (2016) Need for Closure Effects on Affective and Cognitive Responses to Culture Fusion. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47, 1294-1306.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116666375 |
| [51] | Shim, G., Freund, H., Stopsack, M., K？mmerer, A. and Barnow, S. (2014) Acculturation, Self-Construal, Mental and Physical Health: An Explorative Study of East Asian Students in Germany. International Journal of Psychology, 49, 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12008 |
