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抑郁症与风险倾向的关系综述
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Abstract:
抑郁症是一种常见的心理疾病，通常伴随着一些高风险的行为，例如酗酒、暴饮暴食、自我伤害甚至是自杀行为。这些行为通常与抑郁症患者的风险倾向息息相关。然而，抑郁症与风险倾向之间的关系仍未确定。目前衡量风险倾向的研究方式主要有自我报告法和实验室任务范式。因此，我们基于自我报告量表和部分实验室任务范式来讨论抑郁症和风险倾向之间的关系。我们发现，抑郁症与风险倾向之间的关系并不是简单的有或无。基于自我报告量表，荟萃分析表明中低等收入国家的青少年群体中，抑郁患者相较于健康人表现出更多的风险行为。采用爱荷华赌博任务作为实验范式的研究，目前结果仍具有很大的争议。在以气球模拟风险任务为实验范式的研究中，大多数研究都支持抑郁症患者更加保守这一观点。本文认为，后续的研究者应该关注不同任务范式差异背后的原因和机制；对于同一任务范式，如爱荷华赌博任务，研究者应该着重关注个体特征对于抑郁症患者风险倾向的影响。
Depression is a common psychological disorder that is often associated with high-risk behaviors such as alcohol abuse, binge eating, self-harm, and even suicide. However, the relationship between depression and risk propensity is still not well understood. Currently, research methods for measuring risk attitudes mainly include self-report scales and laboratory task paradigms. Based on self-report scales and some laboratory task paradigms, we discuss the relationship between depression and risk propensity. Through a systematic review, we found that the relationship between depression and risk propensity is not a simple yes or no. Based on self-report scales, current meta-analyses suggest that depressed individuals exhibit more risky behaviors than healthy individuals in adolescent populations in low- to middle-income countries. Studies using the Iowa Gambling Task paradigm still have a lot of controversies. In studies using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task paradigm, most studies support that depressed individuals tend to be more conservative. Therefore, future researchers should focus on the reasons and mechanisms behind the differences in different task paradigms. For the same task paradigm, such as the Iowa Gambling Task, researchers should pay more attention to the influence of individual characteristics on the risk propensity of depressed individuals.
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