论催收非法债务罪中的“情节严重”
On the “Serious Circumstances” in the Crime of Collecting Illegal Debt

《刑法修正案(十一)》规定了催收非法债务罪，并且罪状中有规定“情节严重的”，但何谓本罪中的“情节严重”，目前暂无规范性文件予以指导，容易导致本罪扩张适用。“情节严重”应当是客观的违法要素。本罪的“情节严重”应当侧重于手段的违法性，与催收的债务性质、数额以及催收的主体没有实质性联系。具体而言，本罪中的“情节严重”是指暴力、胁迫、跟踪等行为的情节严重。进一步讲，当手段涉及以下要素时，宜认定为本罪的情节严重：“多次催讨”、“形成、利用恶势力犯罪集团进行催讨”、“携带、使用凶器进行催讨”、“造成他人多处轻微伤或轻伤以上后果的”、“造成他人自杀、精神异常的”、“严重扰乱他人生活、工作秩序的”、“在公共场所暴力催讨的”。
The Criminal Law Amendment (XI) provides for the crime of collecting illegal debts, and the crime provides for “aggravated circumstances”, but there is no normative document to guide what constitutes “aggravated circumstances” in this crime, which can easily lead to the expansion of the application of this crime. “Aggravated circumstances” should be the objective element of the violation. The “aggravating circumstances” of this crime should focus on the illegality of the means, and there is no substantial connection with the nature and amount of the debt collected and the subject of the collection. Specifically, “aggravating circumstances” in this crime refers to the aggravating circumstances of violence, coercion, stalking and other acts. Further, when the means involves the following elements, it is appropriate to find the aggravating circumstances of this crime: “repeated collec-tion”, “forming or using a criminal group of evil forces to collect”, “carrying or using a murder weapon to collect”, “causing multiple minor injuries or minor injuries or more to another person”, “causing another person to commit suicide or mental abnormality”, “seriously disrupting the life or work order of another person”, “violent collection in public places”.