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近17年成都市汛期小时降雨时空分布特征分析
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Abstract:
基于成都市14个国家气象站2005~2021年汛期(5~9月)逐小时降雨数据，对成都市汛期短历时、持续性降雨过程的时空分布特征和日变化特征进行分析得到：1) 持续性降雨为汛期总降雨量的主要贡献者；持续性降雨的过程雨量为短历时过程雨量的6倍；短历时降雨为汛期降雨的主要降雨形式；持续性降雨峰值雨强为短历时过程峰值雨强的3倍；持续性降雨过程达到峰值雨强的时间较短历时降雨过程明显偏长。2) 96.55%的小时降雨量在10 mm以下，随着小时雨强的增大，降雨时次迅速减小。3) 短时强降雨时次占总汛期降雨时次的1.17%，而降雨量贡献了20%。4) 平均降雨量和降雨频次均呈单峰型分布特征，降雨量在3~4时达到峰值，17时为谷值；降雨频次在4~5时达到峰值，16时达到谷值；降雨强度呈双峰型分布，第一峰值在3~4时，次峰值在16时，谷值在11时。
Based on the hourly rainfall data of 14 national meteorological stations in Chengdu during the flood season (May September) from 2005 to 2021, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and daily variation characteristics of the short duration and continuous rainfall process in the flood season in Chengdu are analyzed and obtained as follows: 1) Persistent rainfall is the main contributor to the total rainfall in flood season; The process rainfall of continuous rainfall is 6 times of that of short duration process; Short duration rainfall is the main form of rainfall in flood season; The peak rainfall intensity of continuous rainfall is 3 times of the peak rainfall intensity of short duration process; The duration of continuous rainfall process reaching the peak rainfall intensity is shorter than the duration rainfall process. 2) 96.55% of the hourly rainfall is below 10 mm, and the rainfall time decreases rapidly with the increase of hourly rainfall intensity. 3) The short-term heavy rainfall time accounts for 1.17% of the total rainfall time in the flood season, and the rainfall contributes 20%. 4) The average rainfall and rainfall frequency are characterized by a single peak distribution. The rainfall reaches the peak at 3~4 o’clock and the valley at 17 o’clock; The rainfall frequency reached the peak at 4~5 o’clock and reached the valley at 16 o’clock; The precipitation intensity is distributed in a bimodal pattern, with the first peak at 3~4 o’clock, the second peak at 16 o’clock and the valley at 11 o’clock.
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| [20] | 李建, 宇如聪, 孙溦. 从小时尺度考察中国中东部极端降雨的持续性和季节特征[J]. 气象学报, 2013, 71(4): 652-659. |
| [21] | 多典洛珠, 周顺武, 宋倩倩, 孙阳, 赤曲. 西藏拉萨汛期降雨日变化特征[J]. 干旱气象, 2020, 38(1): 58-65. |
| [22] | 刘洋, 李韵婕, 王世强, 黄照亮, 何晓云. 基于小时资料的珠海市降雨特征分析[J]. 广东气象, 2020, 42(1): 15-19. |
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| [24] | Yu, R.C., et al. (2010) Changes in Characteristics of Late-Summer Precipitation over Eastern China in the Past 40 Years Revealed by Hourly Precipitation Data. Journal of Climate, 23, 3390-3396.
https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3454.1 |
| [25] | Li, X.F., Henkinsop, B., Barbero, R., et al. (2020) Global Distribu-tion of the Intensity and Frequency of Hourly Precipitation and Their Responses to ENSO. Climate Dynamics, 54, 4823-4839.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05258-7 |
| [26] | Yin, S.Q., Li, W.J., Chen, D.L., et al. (2011) Diurnal Variations of Summer Precipitation in the Beijing Area and the Possible Effect of Topography and Urbanization. Advances in At-mospheric Sciences, 28, 725-734.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-9240-y |
| [27] | 董旭光, 邱粲, 刘焕彬, 等济南地区小时强降雨变化特征[J]. 干旱气象, 2019, 37(6): 892-898. |
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| [30] | 宇如聪, 李建. 中国大陆日降雨峰值时间位相的区域特征分析[J]. 气象学报, 2016, 74(1): 18-30. |
| [31] | 蒋元华, 曾向红, 段丽洁, 汤亦豪, 吴浩. 湖南省汛期降雨结构演变特征分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2021, 39(4): 554-562. |
| [32] | 李昕翼, 肖国杰, 白爱娟, 等. 成都地区降雨时空分布变化[J]. 气象科技, 2011, 39(4): 417-422. |
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| [34] | 张涛, 韦玮, 青娉楚, 等. 成都盛夏短时强降雨特征统计分析[J]. 成都信息工程大学学报, 2020, 35(3): 299-305. |
