皮亚杰认知发展理论对家国情怀培养的启示
Implications of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development for the Family and Nation Sentiment

一直以来，家国情怀都是指引中华民族不断前行不断奋进的重要精神力量，在几千年的发展过程中家国情怀逐渐形成了忠孝一体、家国同构的核心观点；先国后家、舍己为公的共同体意识和以人为本、仁者爱人的仁爱思想三方面的基本内涵。少年儿童作为祖国未来的希望，他们内心深处的家国情怀一定要从小就开始培养。在具体的培养模式和培养过程方面，西方著名思想家、心理学家皮亚杰所提出的认知发展理论，为家国情怀的培养提供了切实可行的依据和路径。根据皮亚杰的认知发展理论，在人的感知运动阶段，我们需要培养其对于家庭的归属感和认同感；到了前运算阶段以后，就要培养对于国家的归属感和认同感；而后再到具体运算阶段，我们就应该引导其树立起先国后家的价值观念；最后到了形式运算阶段就要引导其形成仁者爱人的仁爱思想。
All along, the family and nation sentiment is an important spiritual force guiding the Chinese nation to move forward and forge ahead. In the course of thousands of years of development, family and nation sentiment has gradually developed into the following three basic connotations: the core view of loyalty and filial piety as one and the family and nation as one; the sense of community of putting the country before the family and sacrificing oneself for the common good; and the idea of love and benevolence of putting people first and loving them. As the future hope of the motherland, children and young people must start to cultivate a sense of family and country from an early age. In terms of the specific mode and process of cultivation, the cognitive development theory put forward by the famous Western thinker and psychologist Piaget provides a practical basis and path for the cultivation of family sentiments. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, we need to cultivate a sense of belonging and identification with the family at the perceptual-motor stage; at the pre-operational stage, we need to cultivate a sense of belonging and identification with the country; then at the concrete-operational stage, we should guide them to establish the value of putting the country before the family; and finally, at the formal-operational stage, we should guide them to form the benevolent idea of loving people.