基于ABAQUS的一级齿轮箱体的模态分析及结构优化
Modal Analysis and Structure Optimization of First Gear Box Based on ABAQUS

齿轮箱作为动力传递的重要机械部件，其箱体在齿轮传递动力的工作过程中会受到箱体内部和外部的激励作用，并因此产生振动，当齿轮箱箱体的低阶固有频率大小与箱体工作时产生的振动频率相同时就会产生共振现象，共振现象的发生会加速齿轮箱内部零部件的损坏，使齿轮箱的使用寿命降低。为研究某机械装备中一级齿轮箱箱体的振动特性，首先，本文使用三维建模软件Solidworks对一级齿轮箱箱体的三维模型进行建立。然后，将已经建立的三维模型导入有限元仿真软件Abaqus中，采用约束模态分析方法对其进行动态特性分析，对仿真结果中齿轮箱箱体的固有频率和振型进行了详细的分析和讨论。最后，为提升齿轮箱的使用性能，在不改变齿轮箱性能参数的前提下，对现有齿轮箱箱体提出2种优化方案，并对优化后的仿真结果进行分析。分析结果表明优化方案对齿轮箱的性能提升明显，为日后解决齿轮箱的动态性能研究提供参考。
For gear box as an important mechanical component of power transmission, the box body in the process of gear transmission power will be affected by the internal and external excitation of the box, and therefore produce vibration; when the low-order natural frequency of the gearbox is the same as the vibration frequency of the gearbox when it is working, the resonance phenomenon will be produced; the occurrence of resonance phenomenon will accelerate the gear box internal parts damage, reduce the service life of the gear box. In order to study the vibration characteristics of the first gear box in a mechanical equipment, firstly, the three-dimensional modeling software Solid-works is used to establish the three-dimensional model of the first gear box. Then, the established 3D model was imported into the finite element simulation software Abaqus, and the constrained modal analysis method was used to analyze its dynamic characteristics. The natural frequency and mode shape of the gearbox in the simulation results were analyzed and discussed in detail. Finally, in order to improve the performance of the gearbox, under the premise of not changing the perfor-mance parameters of the gearbox, two optimization schemes are proposed for the existing gearbox, and the simulation results after optimization are analyzed. The analysis results show that the opti-mization scheme improves the performance of the gearbox obviously, which provides a reference for the future research on the dynamic performance of the gearbox.