基于双层规划的“客运化”物流运输系统研究
Research on “Passengerization” Logistics Transportation System Based on Bi-Level Programming

传统的城乡物流运输往往由于运输成本过高及运输效率低等问题而导致城乡物品流通不紧密。为了改善城乡物流运输效率、降低城乡物流运输成本，引入客运物流企业双方合作新模式，同时改善了客运企业运营服务。本文提出了客运与物流结合的共享物流系统，采用了双层规划方法建立“客运化”物流运输系统优化模型。上层模型以物流企业为决策者，考虑给予客运企业补贴后运营收益最大；下层模型客运企业为跟随者，考虑制定出行票价、运货补贴及运货方案后补贴收益最大。针对本文提出的双层规划模型，设计了基于精英策略的遗传算法求解上层模型，采用Gurobi求解器求解下层模型。最后，本文进行了仿真实验，验证了模型的可行性和算法的有效性，以期完善城乡物流运输系统的不足，为城乡物流运输系统提供新的思路。
The traditional urban and rural logistics transportation often results in the lack of close circulation of urban and rural goods due to problems such as high transportation costs and low transportation efficiency. To improve the efficiency of urban and rural logistics transportation and reduce the cost of urban and rural logistics transportation, a new model of cooperation between passenger logistics enterprises has been introduced, and the operation services of passenger transportation enterprises have been improved. This paper proposes a shared logistics system combining passenger transport and logistics and adopts a bi-level programming method to establish an optimization model of a “passenger-oriented” logistics transport system. In the upper model, the logistics company is the decision maker, and the operating income is the largest after considering the subsidy to the passenger transport company; in the lower model, the passenger transport company is the follower, and the subsidy benefit is the largest after considering the travel fare, freight subsidy and freight plan. Aiming at the bilevel programming model proposed in this paper, an elite strategy-based genetic algorithm is designed to solve the upper model, and a Gurobi solver is used to solve the lower model. Finally, this paper conducts simulation experiments to verify the feasibility of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm, to improve the shortcomings of the urban and rural logistics transportation system and provide new ideas for the urban and rural logistics transportation system.