|
|
胆管癌危险因素研究进展
|
Abstract:
胆管癌是一种来源于肝内或肝外胆管上皮的恶性肿瘤，通常其在早期阶段基本没有症状，如果不做肝脏影像学检查，很难得到早期诊断。临床上诊断的基本都到了疾病晚期，失去手术机会，基本不能进行根治性手术，其预后极差。除了一些患有原发性硬化性胆管炎、肝吸虫感染、先天性胆道畸形等，实际上大多数没有明确的危险因素，需进一步了解胆管癌的流行病学和危险因素，以期早期发现，从而改善临床治疗的效果。就目前的研究现状，有相应危险因素的患者，定期肝脏影像学检查可能是早期发现胆管癌最有效的方法。
Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor arising from intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct epi-thelium. Due to absence of early-stage symptoms, it often remains undiagnosed until advanced stages of disease without liver imaging scan, which limits opportunities for successful radical sur-gery. Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with poor prognosis. Although some risk factors are accept-ed, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, clonorchiasis, and congenital biliary malformation, most patients with cholangiocarcinoma do not have clear risk factors, further study on the epidemiology and risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma is needed in order to improve the clinical treatment effect. According to the present study, regular liver imaging scan may be the most effective method for early detection of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with corresponding risk factors.
| [1] | Clements, O., Eliahoo, J., Kim, J.U., et al. (2020) Risk Factors for Intra-hepatic and Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Hepatology, 72, 95-103.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.09.007 |
| [2] | Kubo, S., Shinkawa, H., Asaoka, Y., et al. (2022) Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan Clinical Practice Guidelines for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Cancer, 11, 290-314. https://doi.org/10.1159/000522403 |
| [3] | Baison, G.N., Bonds, M.M., Helton, W.S., et al. (2019) Choledochal Cysts: Similarities and Differences between Asian and Western Countries. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 25, 3334-3343. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i26.3334 |
| [4] | Petrick, J.L., Yang, B., Altekruse, S.F., et al. (2017) Risk Factors for Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: A Population-Based Study in Seer-Medicare. PLOS ONE, 12, e0186643.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186643 |
| [5] | Jang, M.H., Lee, Y.J. and Kim, H. (2014) Intrahepatic Cholan-giocarcinoma Arising in Caroli’s Disease. Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, 20, 402-405. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2014.20.4.402 |
| [6] | Wang, Y., Yuan, Y. and Gu, D. (2022) Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections and the Risk of Biliary Tract Cancers: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Infectious Agents and Can-cer, 17, 45.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-022-00457-9 |
| [7] | Chang, J.S., Tsai, C.-R. and Chen, L.-T. (2013) Medical Risk Factors Associated with Cholangiocarcinoma in Taiwan: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. PLOS ONE, 8, e69981. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069981 |
| [8] | Vij, M., Puri, Y., Rammohan, A., et al. (2022) Patho-logical, Molecular, and Clinical Characteristics of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 14, 607-627.
https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v14.i3.607 |
| [9] | Cotter, T.G. and Rinella, M. (2020) Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 2020: The State of the Disease. Gastroenterology, 158, 1851-1864. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.052 |
| [10] | Lazarus, J.V., Colombo, M., Cortez-Pinto, H., et al. (2020) NAFLD—Sounding the Alarm on a Silent Epidemic. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 17, 377-379. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0315-7 |
| [11] | Kinoshita, M., Kubo, S., Tanaka, S., et al. (2016) The Association between Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Hospital Based Case-Control Study. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 113, 779-783.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.24223 |
| [12] | Parsi, M.A. (2013) Obesity and Cholangiocarcinoma. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 19, 457-462.
https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i4.457 |
| [13] | Menon, S. and Mathew, R. (2019) Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Hepatobiliary Cancers: A Case-Control Study. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology: Official Journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, 38, 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-018-0925-y |
| [14] | Petrick, J.L., This-tle, J.E., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., et al. (2018) Body Mass Index, Diabetes and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Risk: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project and Meta-Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 113, 1494-1505. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41395-018-0207-4 |
| [15] | Chun, Y.S. and Javle, M. (2017) Systemic and Adjuvant Thera-pies for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center, 24, 3. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073274817729241 |
| [16] | Rajam？ki, K., Taira, A., Katainen, R., et al. (2021) Genetic and Epigenetic Characteristics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology, 161, 592-607. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.042 |
| [17] | Shah, S.C. and Itzkowitz, S.H. (2022) Colorectal Can-cer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms and Management. Gastroenterology, 162, 715-730.e3. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.035 |
| [18] | Lo, B., Zhao, M., Vind, I., et al. (2021) The Risk of Extraintesti-nal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Cohort Stud-ies. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: The Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterolog-ical Association, 19, 1117-1138.e19.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.08.015 |
| [19] | Malham, M., Jakobsen, C., Paerregaard, A., et al. (2019) The Inci-dence of Cancer and Mortality in Paediatric Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Denmark and Finland during a 23-Year Period: A Population-Based Study. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 50, 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15258 |
| [20] | Rizvi, S., Khan, S.A., Hallemeier, C.L., et al. (2018) Cholangiocarcinoma—Evolving Concepts and Therapeutic Strate-gies. Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology, 15, 95-111. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.157 |
| [21] | Banales, J.M., Cardinale, V., Carpino, G., et al. (2016) Cholangiocarcinoma: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives Con-sensus Statement from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA). Nature Reviews Gas-troenterology & Hepatology, 13, 261-280. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2016.51 |
| [22] | Cholangiocarcinoma Working Group (2020) Italian Clinical Practice Guidelines on Cholangiocarcinoma—Part I: Classification, Diagnosis and Staging. Digestive and Liver Disease: Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Associa-tion for the Study of the Liver, 52, 1282-1293.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2020.06.045 |
| [23] | Banales, J.M., Marin, J.J.G., Lamarca, A., et al. (2020) Cholangio-carcinoma 2020: The Next Horizon in Mechanisms and Management. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 17, 557.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0310-z |
| [24] | Khan, S.A., Tavolari, S. and Brandi, G. (2019) Cholangiocarci-noma: Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Liver International, 39, 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14095 |
| [25] | Cardinale, V. (2019) Classifications and Misclassification in Cholangiocar-cinoma. Liver International, 39, 260-262.
https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.13998 |
| [26] | Kam, A.E., Masood, A. and Shroff, R.T. (2021) Current and Emerging Therapies for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers. The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 6, 956-969. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00171-0 |
| [27] | Rawla, P. and Samant, H. (2022) Primary Sclerosing Chol-angitis. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island. |
| [28] | Bowlus, C.L., Lim, J.K. and Lindor, K.D. (2019) AGA Clinical Practice Update on Surveillance for Hepatobiliary Cancers in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Expert Re-view. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: The Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroentero-logical Association, 17, 2416-2422.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2019.07.011 |
| [29] | Fouassier, L., Marzioni, M., Afonso, M.B., et al. (2019) Signalling Networks in Cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular Pathogenesis, Targeted Therapies and Drug Resistance. Liver International: Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 39, 43-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14102 |
| [30] | Bouvard, V., Baan, R., Straif, K., et al. (2009) A Review of Human Carcin-ogens—Part B: Biological Agents. The Lancet. Oncology, 10, 321-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70096-8 |
| [31] | Schwartz, D.A. (1980) Helminths in the Induction of Cancer: Opisthorchis Viverrini, Clonorchis Sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma. Tropical and Geographical Medicine, 32, 95-100. |
| [32] | Brindley P.J., Bachini, M., Ilyas, S.I., et al. (2021) Cholangiocarcinoma. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, 7, 65.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-021-00300-2 |
| [33] | Kim, H.J., Kim, J.S., Suh, S.J., et al. (2015) Cholangiocarcinoma Risk as Long-Term Outcome after Hepatic Resection in the Hepatolithiasis Patients. World Journal of Surgery, 39, 1537-1542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-015-2965-0 |
| [34] | Kouam, C., Warling, O., Van Kemseke, C., et al. (2020) Increased Neo-plastic Risks in Ulcerative Colitis Associated with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Revue Medicale de Liege, 75, 724-730. |
| [35] | Caruso, R., Lo, B.C. and Nú？ez, G. (2020) Host-Microbiota Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nature Reviews. Immunology, 20, 411-426. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-019-0268-7 |
| [36] | Trivedi, P.J., Crothers, H., Mytton, J., et al. (2020) Effects of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis on Risks of Cancer and Death in People with In-flammatory Bowel Disease, Based on Sex, Race, and Age. Gastroenterology, 159, 915-928.
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.049 |
| [37] | Kubo, S., Takemura, S., Tanaka, S., Shinkawa, H., et al. (2018) Occupational Cholangiocarcinoma Caused by Exposure to 1,2-Dichloropropane and/or Dichloromethane. Annals of Gas-troenterological Surgery, 2, 99-105.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12051 |
| [38] | Kato, I. and Kido, C. (1987) Increased Risk of Death in Thorotrast-Exposed Patients during the Late Follow-Up Period. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research: Gann, 78, 1187-1192. |
| [39] | Kumagai, S., Sobue, T., Makiuchi, T., Kubo, S., Uehara, S., et al. (2016) Relationship between Cumu-lative Exposure to 1,2-Dichloropropane and Incidence Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma among Offset Printing Workers. Oc-cupational and Environmental Medicine, 73, 545-552. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2015-103427 |
| [40] | Farioli, A., Straif, K., Brandi, G., et al. (2018) Occupational Exposure to Asbestos and Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Popula-tion-Based Case-Control Study in Four Nordic Countries. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 75, 191-198. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104603 |
| [41] | Barner-Rasmussen, N., Pukkala, E., Hadkhale, K., et al. (2021) Risk Factors, Epidemiology and Prognosis of Cholangiocarcinoma in Finland. United European Gastroenter-ology Journal, 9, 1128-1135.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ueg2.12154 |
| [42] | Squadroni, M., Tondulli, L., Gatta, G., et al. (2017) Cholangio-carcinoma. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 116, 11-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.012 |
