Introduction: Systemic autoimmune diseases have been poorly studied in sub-Saharan Africa and their frequency is not well known. This study provided an overview of the main reasons for the use of care and their evolution in the main hospitals in Benin. Methods: This was a multi-centric descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the internal medicine, rheumatology, dermatology and nephrology departments of nine (09) public and private hospital centers in Benin over a 57-month period, from January 1st, 2017 to September 30th, 2021. It involved patients followed for a systemic autoimmune disease. The data was collected with a digital survey sheet and then processed and analyzed with the R software (version 3.4). Results: Two hundred and three (203) patients were recorded, which represents a hospital frequency of 0.13%. The mean age was 44 years and the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.29. Connective tissue disease accounted for 95.07% of systemic autoimmune diseases which were dominated by rheumatoid arthritis (40.9%) and systemic lupus (37.4%). Ten cases of vasculitis have been reported and dominated by Beh？et’s disease (40%). The main reasons for seeking care were asthenia, weight loss and fever. Arthralgia and skin lesions are the main guiding signs. Six deaths (3.1%) were recorded among connective tissue disease and 1 death (10%) among vasculitis. Conclusion: In spite of being rare, systemic autoimmune diseases are a reality in Benin. A general population study would provide a better understanding of clinical characteristics and identify prognostic factors.
References
[1]
Ka, M.M., Diop, M.M., Lèye, A., Lèye, Y., Touré, P.S., Berthé, A., et al. (2017) La problématique des maladies auto-immunes en Afrique. Revue Africaine de Médecine Interne, 4, 7-8.
[2]
Agbodande, K.A., Prudencio, R.D.T., Azon-kouanou, A., Wanvoegbe, A., Cossougbeto, C., Zannou, D.M., et al. (2019) Panorama des connectivites en médecine interne au centre national hospitalier et universitaire—Hubert Koutoukou Maga de Cotonou. Journal de la Société de Biologie Clinique du Bénin, 31, 66-70.
[3]
Dioussé, P., Berthé, A., Dione, H., Touré, P., Bammo, M., Seck, F., Guèye, N., Diop, M., Faye, F., Dieng, M., Diop, B. and Ka, M. (2017) Profil épidémio-clinique des maladies auto-immunes systémiques dans un service de Dermatologie. RAMFI, 4, 18-21.
[4]
Ouédraogo, D., Korsaga-Somé, N., Zabsonné, J., Tiéno, H., Kaboré, H., Niamba, P. and Drabo, J. (2014) Les connectivites en pratique hospitalière à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Médecine et Santé Tropicales, 24, 271-274. https://doi.org/10.1684/mst.2014.0348
[5]
Michel, K., Yves, B., Venceslas, A.U., Darius, B., Rokia, O. and Toussaint, T. (2019) Caractéristiques des maladies auto-immunes: Analyse d’une série de 45 patients. Revue internationale des sciences d’Abidjan, 21, 306-311.
[6]
Nilsson, B.O., Skogh, T., Ernerudh, J., Johansson, B., Löfgren, S., Wikby, A., et al. (2006) Antinuclear Antibodies in the Oldest-Old Women and Men. Journal of Autoimmunity, 27, 281-288 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2006.10.002
[7]
Zavier, Z., Michee, A., Anthelme, A., Felix, A., Marcelle, G. and Martin, A. (2014) Lupus érythémateux systémique: Particularités au Bénin et en Afrique de l’Ouest. La Tunisie médicale, 92, 707-710.
[8]
Lèye, Y., Ndiaye, N., Diack, N., Ndour, M., Fall, B., Ka, W., Devokolot, J., EL Fajri, S., Bahati, A., Niass, A., Fall, M.,Touré, P., Diop, M., Ka, M. and Lèye, A. (2017) Aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques des connectivites au service de Médecine Interne du CHUN de Pikine: Analyse de 287 observations. RAFMI, 4, 22-25.
[9]
Azon-Kouanou, A., Agbodande, A., Kenmoe, A., Zannou, M., Ade, G. and Houngbe, F. (2015) Profil clinique et biologique des patients lupiques suivis au centre national hospitalier et universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga de Cotonou. Journal de la Société de Biologie Clinique du Bénin, 23, 41-50.
[10]
Fain, P. (2001) Manifestations cliniques et biologiques du lupus systémique. Revue du praticien, No. 61, 1254-1258.
[11]
Guerne, P.A. (2013) Manifestations ostéoarticulaires dans les connectivites. Revue Médicale Suisse, 9, 542-548.
[12]
Oumou, N.S., Mamadou, C., Maodo, N., Assane, D., Ahy, D.B., Moussa, D., et al. (2011) The Scalp Involvements in the Connective Tissue Diseases. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 1, 95-98. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcdsa.2011.13014
[13]
Teclessou, J.N., Saka, B., Akakpo, S.A., Matakloe, H., Mouhari-Toure, A., Kombate, K., et al. (2018) Les connectivites en milieu hospitalier à Lomé: étude rétrospective de 231 cas. Pan African Medical Journal, 30, Article 176. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2018.30.176.14565
[14]
Meyer, O. (2005) Lupus érythémateux systémique. EMC—Rhumatologie-Orthopédie, 2, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcrho.2004.08.005
[15]
Gabay, C. and So, A. (2013) Les connectivites, une affaire de spécialistes? Revue Médicale Suisse, 9, 539-540.
