黄河流域司法集中管辖制度探研
Study on the Centralized Judicial Jurisdiction System in the Yellow River Basin

随着与行政区划适当分离的管辖制度取得多样化进展，多省提出跨区划集中管辖新模式。对于黄河流域而言，未与行政区划完全剥离的司法管辖模式对于黄河流域的自然属性产生割裂，同时对黄河流域生态环境修复与保护整体计划的预期实现产生阻碍。2020年6月，关于最高人民法院发布的《关于为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供司法服务与保障的意见》中指出，要通过完善案件集中管辖等方式来构建流域司法机制，形成推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的合力。因此，黄河流域的司法管辖应从行政区划重叠的司法管辖规划中脱离出来，以黄河流域的自然属性与需求寻求黄河流域内司法集中管辖的新模式。本文从对集中管辖逻辑机理入手，对目前黄河流域司法集中管辖的困境进行了分析，主张在流域内实行行政区域集中管辖，设立黄河流域巡回法庭，明确集中管辖的范围等，并建构黄河流域司法集中管辖的衔接机制，以此来建立黄河流域司法集中管辖的新模式。
With the diversified progress of jurisdictional systems appropriately separated from administrative divisions, many provinces have proposed new models of centralized jurisdiction across administrative divisions. For the Yellow River Basin, the judicial jurisdiction model that is not completely divorced from administrative divisions creates a fragmentation for the natural attributes of the Yellow River Basin, and also hinders the expected realization of the overall plan for ecological restoration and protection of the Yellow River Basin. In June 2020, regarding the Opinions on Providing Judicial Services and Protection for Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin issued by the Supreme People’s Court, it is pointed out that it is necessary to improve the centralized jurisdiction of cases and other ways to build a basin judicial mechanism to form a joint force to promote ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, the judicial jurisdiction of the Yellow River Basin should be separated from the overlapping jurisdictional planning of administrative divisions, and a new model of centralized judicial jurisdiction in the Yellow River Basin should be sought based on the natural properties and needs of the Yellow River Basin. This paper analyzes the current dilemma of centralized jurisdiction in the Yellow River Basin, starting from the logical mechanism of centralized jurisdiction, and advocates the implementation of centralized jurisdiction in administrative regions in the basin, the establishment of the Yellow River Basin Circuit Court, the clarification of the scope of centralized jurisdiction, and the construction of a centralized jurisdiction mechanism in the Yellow River Basin, so as to establish a new model of centralized jurisdiction in the Yellow River Basin.