中国农业机械购置补贴政策对农业机械使用效率的影响——基于DEA-tobit两阶段法的实证分析
Impact of the Chinese Allowance for Purchasing Agricultural Machinery on the Efficiency of Agricultural Machinery—An Empirical Analysis Based on DEA-tobit Two-Stage Method

本文首先使用DEA模型，测度2009~2019年全国28省市的农业机械使用效率，并分析变化趋势及区域差异。结果表明：2009至2019年期间，我国农业机械使用效率呈现小幅增长趋势变化，且在2009至2010年、2011至2012年以及2014至2015年三个时段呈下降趋势出现拐点。再使用tobit模型分析得到农业机械购置补贴对农业机械使用效率的影响为：随着农机存量日趋饱和，导致出现未用于农业生产的机械存量比例上涨、单位农机作业面积减少等问题，对农业机械使用效率产生负向影响，自2014年起农业机械购置补贴政策发生调整，之后产生的政策调整效应对农业机械使用效率产生正向影响。同时，农机使用效率还受到了农机推广培训、地区经济发展水平、农机专业合作社及农业机械跨区作业面积的影响。
In this paper, DEA model is used to measure the efficiency of agricultural machinery in 28 provinces and cities from 2009 to 2019, and analyze the changing trend and regional differences. The results show that from 2009 to 2019, the efficiency of agricultural machinery in China showed a small growth trend, and showed a downward trend from 2009 to 2010, 2011 to 2012 and 2014 to 2015. Then using tobit model analysis, the influence of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy on the use efficiency of agricultural machinery is as follows: With the increasing saturation of agricultural machinery stock, the proportion of machinery stock that is not used for agricultural production increases and the working area of unit agricultural machinery decreases, which has a negative impact on the efficiency of agricultural machinery use. Since 2014, the policy of the allowance for purchasing agricultural machinery has been adjusted, and the subsequent policy adjustment had a positive impact on the efficiency of agricultural machinery. At the same time, the efficiency of agricultural machinery is also affected by the promotion of agricultural machinery training, regional economic development level, agricultural machinery professional cooperatives and cross-regional operation area of agricultural machinery.