不同民族收入水平与教育回报率研究
A Study on Income Levels and Education Return of Different Nationalities

本文采用中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心中国综合社会调查数据库2003~2017年的数据，采用扩展的明瑟(Miner)工资方程模型，实证分析中国不同民族的收入水平和教育回报率及其演变趋势，研究发现：1) 不同民族总体受教育水平均有所提升，且少数民族受教育水平提升速度快于汉族，与汉族受教育水平的差距总体呈缩小态势。2) 同期不同民族的收入水平都在提升，但收入增速和人均收入水平仍存在差异。3) 不同民族的教育回报率均为正，并且少数民族教育回报率总体高于汉族，即提高少数民族受教育水平是增加其个人收入、缩小收入差距的关键。4) 区域差距、城乡差距可能是导致不同民族存在收入差距的重要原因。
Based on the data of the China General Social Survey Database from 2003 to 2017 from the China Survey and Data Center of Renmin University of China, this paper uses the extended Miner’s wage equation model to empirically analyze the income level and education rate of return of different nationalities in China and their evolution trends. The findings are as follows: 1) The education level of different nationalities has been improved, and the education level of minorities has been im-proved faster than that of the Han nationality, and the education gap between minorities and Han nationality is narrowing. 2) During the same period, the income increased among different nation-alities, but the growth rate and per capita income level remained gap. 3) The rate of return on edu-cation of different nationalities is positive, and the rate of return on education of minorities is gen-erally higher than that of Han nationality, that is to improve the level of education of minorities is the key to increase their personal income and narrow the income gap. 4) Regional disparity and urban-rural disparity may be important reasons for the income gap among different nationalities.