基于HFACS模型的船舶引航事故人因研究
Study on Human Factors of Ship Pilotage Accidents Based on HFACS Model

船舶引航过程中会因人为、非人为因素发生一系列事故，除少数船舶设备会出现突发性故障之外，多数事故都与人为因素有关，因此对船舶引航事故进行详细分析，找到其人为原因，并且结合事故原因和分析的设备数据情况提前做好风险防范措施，可以减少引航事故的发生。由于我国船舶引航过程中事故人因失误研究方面还未建立详细准确的船舶引航事故HFACS模型，因此，本文根据《水上交通事故调查处理指南》中的相关规定，并参照HFACS模型在其它领域事故中的构建与运用，在标准HFACS模型的基础上进行修改，重新建立了针对船舶引航事故的HFACS模型。同时，采用改进后的船舶引航事故HFACS模型对“3？23”苏伊士运河货轮搁浅事故原因进行分析，从而验证该模型的可行性和有效性。
A series of accidents may occur during ship piloting due to man-made and non-man-made factors. Except for a few unexpected faults of ship equipment, most accidents are related to man-made factors. Therefore, detailed analysis of ship piloting accidents is carried out to find out the man-made reasons, and risk prevention measures are taken in advance in combination with accident causes and equipment data analyzed, which can reduce the occurrence of piloting accidents. Since the detailed and accurate HFACS model of ship piloting accident has not been established in the research on human error during the course of ship piloting in our country, this paper re-establishes the HFACS model for ship piloting accident based on the relevant provisions in the Guidelines for Investigating and Dealing with Water Traffic Accidents and referring to the construction and application of HFACS model in accidents in other fields. At the same time, the improved HFACS model of ship piloting accident is used to analyze the cause of the grounding accident of the cargo ship in the Suez Canal on March 23, so as to verify the feasibility and validity of the model.