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四分模型视角下的刻板印象激活研究评述
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Abstract:
传统的双加工理论通过内隐测量的结果间接推断刻板印象激活的加工特征以及变化。这种方法导致在刻板印象激活研究中存在混淆测量内容和加工特征的局限。四分模型(Quad Model)为分离和准确识别内隐测量中的不同加工成分并独立检验加工特征提供了理论框架和技术支持。通过梳理和分析四分模型应用在刻板印象领域的研究得出：1) 刻板印象激活具有一定的自动性，但并不完全有效率，受到认知资源的限制；2) 内隐刻板偏差的减少并不总是反映刻板印象激活的减少，也可能反映个体成功克服激活的刻板印象或确定正确反应的能力；3) 刻板印象激活可以通过执行意向、平等主义目标和动机等因素减少。
The traditional Dual-Process Theories indirectly deduce the processing features and changes of stereotype activation through the results of implicit measurement. This approach leads to the limitation of confusing measurement content and processing features in stereotype activation studies. Quad Model provides a theoretical framework and technical support for the separation and accurate identification of different processing components in implicit measurements and independent testing of processing features. By reviewing and analyzing the Quad Model applied in the field of stereotype research: 1) Stereotype activation has certain automaticity, but it is not completely efficient and is limited by cognitive resources; 2) A decrease in implicit stereotype bias does not always reflect a decrease in stereotype activation, but may also reflect an individual’s ability to successfully overcome an activated stereotype or determine the correct response; 3) Stereotype activation is influenced by implementation intentions, egalitarian goal and motivation.
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