政府公共服务质量与劳动力跨区流动研究
The Study on the Quality of Government Public Service and Interregional Flow of Labor

本文以新古典经济理论，新劳动力迁移理论，新公共管理理论和新公共服务理论为基础，拟构建我国政府公共服务评价指标体系，通过对我国2011~2017年31个省的指标数据采用因子分析法来确定5个核心指标并测度我国政府公共服务质量水平。研究假设表明：政府公共服务质量高的省市通常会面临人口大量聚集造成交通拥堵、环境恶化等畸形的城市化现象，使得大城市的公共服务资源变得紧缺，而经济落后地区由于劳动力的大量流出使得其发展滞后，无法依靠自身力量来缩小与经济发达地区的公共服务质量差距，造成我国政府公共服务配置不均衡。同时经济发达地区也存在政府公共服务质量低下的情况，这与其经济发展和劳动力要求不匹配。本文拟根据分析结果为政府改善公共服务，引导劳动力合理跨区流动提供相关建议。
Based on the neo-classical economic theory, new labor mobility theory, the new public management theory and the new public service theory, this paper adopts indicators for China’s 31 provinces from 2011 to 2017 and constructs an evaluation index system for China’s government public service. The data uses factor analysis to determine the five core indicators and the quality level of our government’s public services. The study found that: Provinces with high-quality government public services often face terrible urbanization such as traffic jams and environmental deterioration caused by massive population concentration, making the public service resources of big cities become scarce. The economically backward areas are development lags because of the massive outflow of labor force. With lagging development, it is impossible to rely on their own strength to narrow the gap between public services quality and economically developed areas, resulting in an unbalanced allocation of public services to our government. At the same time, economically de-veloped regions also have a situation of low-quality government public services, which does not match their economic development and labor requirements. Based on the results of the analysis, this paper proposes relevant suggestions for the government to improve public services and guide the labor force to inter-regional flow.