山区高速公路施工工人安全意识研究与评价
Research and Evaluation on Safety Consciousness of Construction Workers of Mountain Expressway

针对当前难以准确衡量山区高速公路建设企业施工工人安全意识的问题，为有效减少因工人安全意识薄弱导致的安全生产事故，将工人安全意识界定为施工安全交流、施工安全认知、施工安全态度和施工安全行为四个一级指标，利用主成分分析和熵值法确定各级评价指标的权重，通过灰色关联分析和模糊综合评价法对山区高速公路建设企业不同工人群体的安全意识进行评价。研究结果表明：不同作业场所的工人群体中，地面作业的工人群体安全意识较强(b = 0.72)，而高空作业群体的安全意识水平较低(b = 0.33)；不同年龄段的工人群体中，41~50岁的工人群体安全意识水平较高(b = 0.82)，18~20岁(b = 0.53)和51岁及以上的工人群体(b = 0.47)安全意识水平较低；不同工龄段的工人群体中，工龄在3~5年(b = 0.77)，以及5~10年(b = 0.75)的工人安全意识水平最高，而工龄在第1年(b = 0.38)，以及1~3年(b = 0.34)的工人群体安全意识水平较低。研究结果可以用于评估不同施工群体的安全意识水平，可为企业后续针对性实施安全管理培训提供决策参考及理论依据。
In order to effectively reduce the safety accidents caused by weak worker safety awareness, workers’ safety awareness is defined as four first-level indicators, namely, construction safety communication, construction safety awareness, construction safety attitude and construction safety behavior. Principal component analysis and entropy method are used to determine the weight of evaluation indexes at all levels, and the safety awareness of different workers in mountain expressway construction enterprises is evaluated by grey correlation analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that workers working on the ground have a strong safety awareness (b = 0.72), while workers working at the height have a low safety awareness (b = 0.33). Among workers in different age groups, 41~50 years old workers have a higher level of safety awareness (b = 0.82), 18~20 years old workers (b = 0.53) and 51 years old and above workers have a lower level of safety awareness (b = 0.47). Among the workers with different working years, the workers with 3~5 years (b = 0.77) and 5~10 years (b = 0.75) have the highest level of safety awareness, while the workers with the first year (b = 0.38) and 1~3 years (b = 0.34) have a lower level of safety awareness. The research results can be used to evaluate the level of safety awareness of different construction groups, and can provide decision reference and theoretical basis for the subsequent implementation of safety management training for enterprises.