头颈部肿瘤加速分割放射治疗研究进展
Advances in Accelerated Segmentation Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Tumors

头颈部恶性肿瘤(Head and Neck Cancer, HNC)是我国较为常见的恶性肿瘤，临床发病率高，在我国男性中的发病率位居第六位，死亡率位居第七位。但临床上对于头颈部肿瘤(HNC)患者来说，因为其解剖部位的特殊性及复杂性，手术治疗难度较大。由于头颈肿瘤主要以鳞状细胞癌为主，因鳞状细胞癌对放疗敏感性高，故头颈肿瘤细胞绝大多数对放射治疗较为敏感，加之放射治疗在头颈部肿瘤中早期的治疗中疗效较高，部分头颈肿瘤治疗效果可达手术的根治性治疗，故目前多数中早期头颈部肿瘤首选的治疗手段为根治性放射治疗，也是其最有效的治疗手段。恶性肿瘤的早期发现、早期治疗是其获得根治及较好预后的关键，早中期患者较晚期患者大多预后较好，治疗后生活质量也随之提高。随着目前医学及肿瘤放射治疗学的研究及发展，放射治疗学家们对肿瘤细胞加速再增殖的特性及放射治疗不同的分割方式对癌细胞的控制率逐渐有了更进一步的认识，以期望可以通过放射治疗不同的分割方式来取得癌细胞的最大局部控制率以及正常组织细胞的最小照射量，因此专家们提出了非常规分割放射治疗的概念。目前在临床上头颈肿瘤的放射治疗中，应用不同的放疗分割方式进行放射治疗所产生的治疗结果是不相同的。结合近三年新冠疫情，引起患者就医困难以及住院时长、经济消费等诸多问题，放疗的总疗程在放射治疗中越来越受到医护以及患者的重视。故此文中我们主要想研析头颈部恶性肿瘤使用加速分割放疗(每周6次)目前在临床上的治疗研究进展。
Head and Neck Cancer, HNC is a relatively common malignant tumor in our country. With a high clinical incidence, morbidity in Chinese males ranks sixth and mortality ranks seventh. However, clinically, for patients with head and neck tumors (HNC), surgical treatment is more difficult due to the particularity and complexity of the anatomical site. The majority of head and neck tumors are squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is highly sensitive to radiotherapy, so the ma-jority of head and neck tumor cells are sensitive to radiotherapy. In addition, radiotherapy has a high curative effect in the early treatment of head and neck tumors, and the curative effect of some head and neck tumors can reach the radical treatment of surgery. Therefore, radical radiotherapy is the most effective and preferred treatment for middle and early stage head and neck tumors. Early detection and treatment of malignant tumors are the key to obtain radical treatment and better prognosis. The prognosis of early and middle stage patients is better than that of advanced patients, and the quality of life after treatment is also improved. With the current research and development of medical science and tumor radiotherapy, radiotherapy scientists have gradually gained a further understanding of the characteristics of accelerated reproliferation of tumor cells and the control rate of cancer cells by different segmentation methods of radiotherapy, hoping to obtain the maxi-mum local control rate of cancer cells and the minimum irradiation amount of normal tissue cells through different segmentation methods of radiotherapy. Therefore, experts have proposed the concept of unconventional segmented radiotherapy. In the current clinical radiotherapy for head and neck tumors, different radiotherapy segmentation methods can produce different therapeutic results. Combined with the recent three years of COVID-19, which has caused many problems such as medical