政策工具视角下我国养老服务政策研究(2011~2022年)
Research on China’s Elderly Care Service Policy from the Perspective of Policy Tools (2011~2022)

在当前我国人口老龄化态势愈发严峻的背景下，如何满足“老龄化社会”对养老服务的需求是国家治理的重要议题，也是检验政府治理体系与治理能力现代化水平的重要指标。基于我国养老服务体系的复杂性及多元性特征，政府需要采用多种政策工具来引导、规制养老服务产业的发展。本文对我国中央政府在2011~2022年期间发布的26份养老服务相关政策文本作为样本，对相关政策内容进行二维的量化研究，发现存在供给型、需求型、环境型政策工具分布失衡等问题，为此，政府应当优化养老服务的政策工具、加快养老服务产业的立法并建立健全跨部门的政策协同机制。
In the context of the increasingly severe aging trend of China’s population, how to meet the needs of the “aging society” for elderly care services is an important issue of national governance, and also an important indicator to test the modernization level of the government’s governance system and governance capacity. Based on the complexity and diversity of China’s elderly care service system, the government needs to adopt a variety of policy tools to guide and regulate the development of the elderly care service industry. This paper takes 26 policy texts related to elderly care services issued by the central government of China from 2011 to 2022 as samples, conducts a two-dimensional quantitative study of the relevant policy contents, and finds that there are problems such as unbalanced distribution of supply type, demand type and environmental type policy tools. Therefore, the government should optimize the policy tools for elderly care services, accelerate the legislation of elderly care services industry, and establish and improve a cross sectoral policy coordination mechanism.