1961~2021年北疆冬季积雪日数时空变化特征分析
Analysis of the Spatio-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Snow Cover Days in Winter in Northern Xinjiang during 1961~2021

利用北疆38个气象台站1961~2021年冬季积雪日数观测资料，较系统地分析了近61a北疆冬季积雪日数的时空变化特征。主要结论如下：1) 近61年内北疆冬季年平均积雪日数为82.89 d，主要为积雪深度<20 cm的积雪，积雪日数占到了70.33%；2) 在空间上，位于阿勒泰东部、昌吉中部及东部、塔城东部出现了不显著的减少趋势之外，北疆78.95%的气象站点观测的年积雪日数呈增加趋势；3) 在全球气候变暖的背景下，北疆气候也在经历着显著变暖，但极端天气过程频发，表现在近61a，北疆冬季积雪日数出现了非常显著的增加趋势，增幅达0.95 d？(10a)^？1，其中20~30 cm积雪日数增加幅度最为明显，为1.37 d？(10a)^？1，其次是≥30 cm (1.13 d？(10a)^？1)；4) 61年间，北疆冬季积雪日数较少的年份多数出现在20世纪60年代至80年代初，且1967年、1969年、1973年是异常偏少年，积雪日数在1982年发生了少到多的气候突变；5) 由于受到气象台站的地理位置、海拔高度等影响，同一区域不同台站之间的积雪日数差别也很大。
Based on the observation data of winter days with snow cover from 38 meteorological stations in northern Xinjiang during 1961~2021, the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of winter days with snow cover in northern Xinjiang during the past 61 years were systematically analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) In the past 61 years, the annual average winter days with snow cover in northern Xinjiang were 82.89 days, mainly with snow depth less than 20 cm, accounting for 70.33%; 2) In terms of space, 78.95% of meteorological stations in northern Xinjiang observed an increasing trend of days with snow cover, except for the non-significant decreasing trend in eastern Altay, central and eastern Changji, and eastern Tacheng. 3) Under the background of global warm-ing, the climate in northern Xinjiang is also experiencing significant warming, but extreme weather processes are frequent, which is manifested in the recent 61 years. The number of days with snow cover in winter in Northern Xinjiang showed a very significant increasing trend, with an increase of 0.95 d？(10a)^？1, and the increase of 20~30 cm days with snow cover was the most obvious and was 1.37 d？(10a)^？1, followed by ≥30 cm (1.13 d？(10a)^？1); 4) During the 61 years, most of the years with fewer days with snow cover in winter in northern Xinjiang occurred in the 1960s to the early 1980s, and 1967, 1969 and 1973 were unusually young years. The number of days with snow cover in winter changed dramatically in 1982; 5)