康德的先验时空观研究
A Study of Kant’s Transcendental View of Time and Space

康德的先验时空观是对传统时空观的继承和发展，主要受到牛顿和莱布尼茨时空观的影响。康德的先验时空观认为时间和空间是感性直观的纯形式，是属于先验的认识论范畴。具体来说，时间属于内部直观之基础的必然的先天表象。而空间则是外部直观之基础的必然的先天表象；空间是一切外直观得以可能的必要条件，而时间则是一切直观(包括外直观和内直观)得以可能的必然前提。康德通过对时空概念的形而上学阐明，使得时空理论在逻辑上更系统完整。康德的先验时空观也对近代时空理论进一步阐发，海德格尔的时空观在某种意义上就是继承和发展了康德的先验时空观。康德的先验时空观无疑具有承前启后的作用，因而在西方时空观念史上具有重要的历史地位。
Kant’s transcendental space-time view inherits and develops the traditional space-time view, which is mainly influenced by Newton and Leibniz’s space-time view. Kant’s transcendental space-time view believes that time and space are pure forms of perceptual intuition and belong to the category of transcendental epistemology. To be specific, time belongs to the inevitable congenital representation based on internal intuition. And space is the inevitable congenital representation of the foundation of external intuition. Space is the necessary condition for all external intuitions to be possible, while time is the necessary prerequisite for all intuitions (including external and internal intuitions) to be possible. Kant makes space-time theory more systematic and complete in logic by metaphysical elucidation of space-time concept. Kant’s transcendental space-time view also further elucidates the modern space-time theory. Heidegger’s space-time view, in a sense, inherits and develops Kant’s transcendental space-time view. In this sense, Kant’s transcendental view of time and space undoubtedly plays a connecting role, and thus has an epoch-making historical position in the history of the western concept of time and space.