|
|
社会变迁下的孝道及其对老年人心理健康的影响
|
Abstract:
文化对心理健康起着重要作用，但随着社会变迁，作为中国传统文化的孝道也发生了相应改变，主要体现在孝道态度和孝道行为层面。孝道变迁可能对老年人心理健康造成影响。本文从心理学角度对中国传统孝道文化的内涵和理论进行梳理，进一步探讨随着社会变迁，孝道发生的变化及其对老年人心理健康的影响，以期为有效地开展老年人心理健康干预工作提供科学依据。
Culture plays an important role in mental health, but with the social changes, filial piety, as a tra-ditional Chinese culture, has also undergone corresponding changes, mainly reflected in filial at-titude and filial behavior. Changes in filial piety may affect the mental health of the elderly. From the perspective of psychology, the connotation and theory of traditional Filial Piety culture in China are sorted out, and the changes in filial piety and their impact on the mental health of the elderly are further explored with social changes, in order to provide a scientific basis for effectively carrying out mental health interventions for the elderly.
| [1] | 陈晓惠, 方明(2013). 孝顺期待与老年人主观幸福感: 亲子支持的中介作用. 中国老年学杂志, 33(23), 5980-5981. |
| [2] | 邓希泉, 风笑天(2003). 城市居民孝道态度与行为的代际比较. 中国青年研究, (3), 51-55. |
| [3] | 范丰慧, 汪宏, 黄希庭, 史慧颖, 夏凌翔(2009). 当代中国人的孝道认知结构. 心理科学, 32(3), 751-754. |
| [4] | 傅宏, 陈庆荣(2015). 积极老龄化: 全球视野下的老年心理健康研究和实践探索. 心理与行为研究, 13(5), 713-720. |
| [5] | 葛枭语(2021). 孝的多维心理结构: 取向之异与古今之变. 心理学报, 53(3), 306-321. |
| [6] | 郭筱琳, 秦欢, 罗良(2021). 父母孝道信念与小学生孝道信念的关系: 父母教育卷入的中介作用及家庭结构的差异. 心理与行为研究, 19(2), 258-264. |
| [7] | 侯建明, 张培东, 周文剑(2021). 代际支持对中国老年人口心理健康状况的影响. 人口学刊, 43(5), 88-98. |
| [8] | 胡安宁(2017). 老龄化背景下子女对父母的多样化支持: 观念与行为. 中国社会科学, (3), 77-95+205-206. |
| [9] | 靳永爱, 周峰, 翟振武(2017). 居住方式对老年人心理健康的影响——社区环境的调节作用. 人口学刊, 39(3), 66-77. |
| [10] | 李西营, 金奕彤, 刘静, 张星宇, 皮忠玲(2022). 子女越孝顺老年人越幸福吗? 老年人孝道期待的作用. 心理学报, (11), 1381-1390. |
| [11] | 李晓彤, 王雪玲, 王大华, 燕磊(2014). 青年子女的传统孝观念及其与早期父母教养行为的关系. 心理发展与教育, 30(6), 601-608. |
| [12] | 刘杰, 孟会敏(2009). 关于布郎芬布伦纳发展心理学生态系统理论. 中国健康心理学杂志, 17(2), 250-252. |
| [13] | 刘靓, 徐慧兰, 宋爽(2009). 老年人孤独感与亲子支持、孝顺期待的关系研究. 中国临床心理学杂志, 17(5), 636-638. |
| [14] | 刘汶蓉(2012). 孝道衰落? 成年子女支持父母的观念、行为及其影响因素. 青年研究, (2), 22-32+94. |
| [15] | 刘晓, 黄希庭(2010). 社会支持及其对心理健康的作用机制. 心理研究, 3(1), 3-8+15. |
| [16] | 陆杰华, 张莉(2018). 中国老年人的照料需求模式及其影响因素研究——基于中国老年社会追踪调查数据的验证. 人口学刊, 40(2), 22-33. |
| [17] | 陆洛, 高旭繁, 陈芬忆．(2006). 传统性、现代性、及孝道观念对幸福感的影响: 一项亲子对偶设计. 本土心理学研究, (25), 243-278. |
| [18] | 路佳(2016). 当代农村老年人的孝道观念与对子女孝行为评价研究. 硕士学位论文, 武汉: 农业大学. |
| [19] | 罗婷俐(2019). 孝道行为的产生机制研究. 硕士学位论文, 武汉: 武汉大学. |
| [20] | 苗瑞凤(2017). 孝道研究现状与发展趋势. 中国老年学杂志, 37(20), 5211-5213. |
| [21] | 宋月萍(2014). 精神赡养还是经济支持: 外出务工子女养老行为对农村留守老人健康影响探析. 人口与发展, 20(4), 37-44. |
| [22] | 孙鹃娟, 蒋炜康(2020). 负性生活事件与中国老年人的心理健康状况——兼论社会网络、应对方式的调节作用. 人口研究, 44(2), 73-86. |
| [23] | 仝广顺, 李磊, 康世宇(2021). 代际关系视角下农村留守养老问题思考. 财会月刊, (14), 156-160. |
| [24] | 汪凤炎, 许智濛, 孙月姣, 周玲(2014). 中国人孝道心理的现状与变迁. 心理学探新, 34(6), 529-535. |
| [25] | 王大华, 佟雁, 周丽清, 申继亮(2004). 亲子支持对老年人主观幸福感的影响机制. 心理学报, 36(1), 78-82. |
| [26] | 王萍, 张雯剑, 王静(2017). 家庭代际支持对农村老年人心理健康的影响. 中国老年学杂志, 37(19), 4893-4896. |
| [27] | 韦宏耀, 钟涨宝(2015). 双元孝道、家庭价值观与子女赡养行为——基于中国综合社会调查数据的实证分析. 南方人口, 30(5), 52-63. |
| [28] | 项鑫, 王乙(2021). 中国人口老龄化现状、特点、原因及对策. 中国老年学杂志, 41(18), 4149-4152. |
| [29] | 肖群忠(1997). “夫孝, 德之本也”——论孝道的伦理精神本质. 西北师大学报(社会科学版), (1), 29-34+103. |
| [30] | 杨国枢(1989). 中国人的心理. 桂冠图书公司. |
| [31] | 叶光辉, 杨国枢(2009). 中国人的孝道: 心理学的分析. 重庆大学出版社. |
| [32] | 俞国良(2022). 心理健康的新诠释: 幸福感视角. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), (1), 72-81. |
| [33] | 袁佳黎, 刘飞, 张文宏(2022). 孝道观念、代际支持与青年群体赡养行为的变迁: 2006-2017. 中国青年研究, (1), 93-103. |
| [34] | 张坤, 张文新(2004). 青少年对传统孝道的态度研究. 心理科学, 27(6), 1317-1321. |
| [35] | 钟涨宝, 李飞, 冯华超(2017). “衰落”还是“未衰落”? 孝道在当代社会的自适应变迁. 学习与实践, (11), 89-97. |
| [36] | 邹雅玲, 罗婷俐, 胡军生(2020). 父母孝道行为对子女孝道行为的影响: 子女双元孝道观念的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 28(3), 550-555. |
| [37] | Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of Authoritative Parental Control on Child Behavior. Child Development, 37, 887-907.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611 |
| [38] | Birditt, K. S., Fingerman, K. L., & Zarit, S. H. (2010). Adult Children’s Problems and Successes: Implications for Intergenerational Ambivalence. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65B, 145-153. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp125 |
| [39] | Bostr？m, M., Bravell, M. E., & Dan, L. (2013). Promoting Sense of Security in Old-Age Care. Health, 5, 56-63.
https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.56A2009 |
| [40] | Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Harvard University Press. |
| [41] | Charles, S. T., & Carstensen, L. L. (2007). Emotion Regulation and Aging. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 307-327). Guilford Publication. |
| [42] | Cheng, S. T., & Chan, A. C. (2006). Filial Piety and Psychological Well-Being in Well Older Chinese. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61, 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/61.5.P262 |
| [43] | Dong, X., & Zhang, M. (2016). The Association between Filial Piety and Perceived Stress among Chinese Older Adults in Greater Chicago Area. Journal of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, 4, 11. https://doi.org/10.13188/2373-1133.1000015 |
| [44] | Dong, X., Chang, E. S., Wong, E., & Simon, M. (2012). A Qualitative Study of Filial Piety among Community Dwelling, Chinese, Older Adults: Changing Meaning and Impact on Health and Well-Being. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 10, 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2012.673393 |
| [45] | Dong, X., Li, M., & Hua, Y. (2017). The Association between Filial Discrepancy and Depressive Symptoms: Findings from a Community-Dwelling Chinese Aging Population. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 72, S63-S68. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx040 |
| [46] | Fingerman, K. L., Pitzer, L., Lefkowitz, E. S., Birditt, K. S., & Mroczek, D. (2008). Ambivalent Relationship Qualities between Adults and Their Parents: Implications for the Well-Being of Both Parties. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63, 362-371. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/63.6.P362 |
| [47] | Fu, Y. Y., Xu, Y., & Chui, E. W. T. (2020). Development and Validation of a Filial Piety Scale for Chinese Elders in Contemporary China. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 90, 176-200.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415018812399 |
| [48] | Ho, D. Y. (1994). Filial Piety, Authoritarian Moralism, and Cognitive Conservatism in Chinese Societies. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 120, 349-365. |
| [49] | Hwang, K.-K. (2006). Moral Face and Social Face: Contingent Self-Esteem in Confucian Society. International Journal of Psychology, 41, 276-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590544000040 |
| [50] | Khan, H. (2013). Factors Associated with Intergenerational Social Support among Older Adults across the World. Ageing International, 39, 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-013-9191-6 |
| [51] | Krause, N., & Liang, J. (1993). Stress, Social Support, and Psychological Distress among the Chinese eldeRly. Journal of Gerontology, 48, 282-291. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/48.6.P282 |
| [52] | Kwan, K.-L. (2012). Counseling Chinese Peoples: Perspectives of Filial Piety. Asian Journal of Counselling, 7, 23-41. |
| [53] | Lowenstein, A. (2007). Solidarity-Conflict and Ambivalence: Testing Two Conceptual Frameworks and Their Impact on Quality of Life for Older Family Members. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62, S100-S107. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/62.2.S100 |
| [54] | Luescher, K., & Pillemer, K. (1998). Intergenerational Ambivalence: A New Approach to the Study of Parent-Child Relations in Later Life. Journal of Marriage and Family, 60, 413-425. https://doi.org/10.2307/353858 |
| [55] | Luo, B., & Zhan, H. (2012). Filial Piety and Functional Support: Understanding Intergenerational Solidarity among Families with Migrated Children in Rural China. Ageing International, 37, 69-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-011-9132-1 |
| [56] | Mao, W., & Chi, I. (2011). Filial Piety of Children as Perceived by Aging Parents in China. International Journal of Social Welfare, 20, S99-S108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2011.00826.x |
| [57] | Napier, A. D., Ancarno, C., Butler, B., Calabrese, J., Chater, A. et al. (2014). Culture and Health. The Lancet, 384, 1607-1639.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61603-2 |
| [58] | Pei, X., & Pillai, V. K. (1999). Old Age Support in China: The Role of the State and the Family. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 49, 197-212. https://doi.org/10.2190/QXLM-PN99-GPN7-32XF |
| [59] | Simon, M. A., Chen, R., Chang, E. S., & Dong, X. (2014). The Association between Filial Piety and Suicidal Ideation: Findings from a Community-Dwelling Chinese Aging Population. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69, S90-S97. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu142 |
| [60] | Su, S. Y., & Hwang, K. K. (2003). Face and Relation Indifferent Do-mains of Life: A Comparison between Senior Citizens and University Students. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 45, 295-311. |
| [61] | Tang, W. J., Wang, G., Hu, T., Dai, Q., Xu, J., Yang, Y. et al. (2018). Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems among Chinese Left-Behind Children: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 241, 133-141.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.017 |
| [62] | Tao, J. (2017). Can China’s New Rural Social Pension Insurance Adequately Protect the Elderly in Times of Population Ageing? Journal of Asian Public Policy, 10, 158-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2016.1167413 |
| [63] | Tengku Mohd, T. A. M., Yunus, R. M., Hairi, F., Hairi, N. N., & Choo, W. Y. (2019). Social Support and Depression among Community Dwelling Older Adults in Asia: A Systematic Review. BMJ Open, 9, e026667.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026667 |
| [64] | van der Pas, S., van Tilburg, T., & Knipscheer, K. C. P. M. (2005). Measuring Older Adults’ Filial Responsibility Expectations: Exploring the Application of a Vignette Technique and an Item Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65, 1026-1045. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405278559 |
| [65] | Wang, D., Laidlaw, K., Power, M. J., & Shen, J. (2009). Older People’s Belief of Filial Piety in China: Expectation and Non-Expectation. Clinical Gerontologist, 33, 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317110903347771 |
| [66] | Ward, R. A. (2008). Multiple Parent-Adult Child Relations and Well-Being in Middle and Later Life. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63, S239-S247. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/63.4.S239 |
| [67] | Yang, Y., & Wen, M. (2021). Filial Piety and Parental Depressive Symptoms: All Children Matter—Evidence from Rural Northern China. Journal of Cross Culture Gerontology, 36, 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-021-09430-2 |
| [68] | Yeh, K. H., & Bedford, O. (2004). Filial Belief and Parent-Child Conflict. International Journal of Psychology, 39, 132-144.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590344000312 |
| [69] | Yeh, K.-H., & Bedford, O. (2003). A Test of the Dual Filial Piety Model. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 6, 215-228.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-839X.2003.00122.x |
| [70] | Yue, X. D., & Ng, S. (1999). Filial Obligations and Expectations in China: Current Views from Young and Old People in Beijing. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-839X.00035 |
| [71] | Yunong, H. (2011). Family Relations and Life Satisfaction of Older People: A Comparative Study between Two Different Hukous in China. Ageing and Society, 32, 19-40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X11000067 |
| [72] | Zhan, H. J., Liu, G., Guan, X., & Bai, H. G. (2006). Recent Developments in Institutional Elder Care in China: Changing Concepts and Attitudes. Journal of Aging Social Policy, 18, 85-108. https://doi.org/10.1300/J031v18n02_06 |
| [73] | Zhan, H. J., Xiaotian, F., & Baozhen, L. (2008). Placing Elderly Parents in Institutions in Urban China: A Reinterpretation of Filial Piety. Research on Aging, 30, 543-571. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027508319471 |
| [74] | Zhang, W., & Du, P. (2015). The Intergenerational Support and Psychological Well-Being of the Elderly in Mainland of China. In S. T. Cheng, I. Chi, H. Fung, L. Li, & J. Woo (Eds.), Successful Aging (pp. 165-178). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9331-5_10 |
| [75] | Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Zu, Y., & Hu, Q. (2021). Attitudes of Chinese College Students toward Aging and Living Independently in the Context of China’s Modernization: A Qualitative Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article ID: 609736.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.609736 |
