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美国“埃克森·瓦尔德斯号”油轮溢油事故的缘由、应对及影响
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Abstract:
作为世界上代价最昂贵的海事事故，1989年美国“埃克森·瓦尔德斯号”油轮溢油事故是海兹伍德船长无视规章制度的个体行为、埃克森公司不合理的运营模式以及石油行业松懈的自我监督体系等多种因素共同造成的一场骇人听闻的海洋环境灾难。事故发生后，阿利伊斯卡管道服务公司、埃克森公司、联邦政府和州政府等相关方未能及时在一个合理的框架内作出反应，遗失最佳治污时机。此次溢油事故影响甚广，不仅对威廉王子湾的生态系统及附近居民的日常生活和心理造成难以恢复的破坏，也使埃克森公司付出了极大的代价，并且还直接推动了1990年美国《油污法》的出台以及导致了一场围绕埃克森公司赔偿数额问题的司法争论。
As the world’s most expensive cost of maritime accident, the United States in 1989 “the Exxon Val-dez”, tanker oil spill accident was captain Hayes Wood to ignore the rules and regulations of the operation mode of the individual behavior, unreasonable Exxon and the oil industry lax self supervision system, and other factors caused a terrible Marine environment disaster. After the disaster, the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, Exxon, and the federal and state governments failed to respond in a timely manner within a reasonable framework and lost the best opportunity to combat the pollution. Affect the oil spill, not only for prince William sound ecosystem and nearby residents daily life difficult to restore the damage, and Exxon has paid a great price, and also directly promoted the 1990 creation of America’s oil pollution act and led to a the legal wrangling over Exxon compensation amount.
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