控制性水库对梯级水电站群性能影响及补偿效益量化研究
Performance Impact and Quantification Study of Compensation Benefit of Control Reservoir on Cascade Hydropower Stations

随着我国水电发展的逐步深入，未来将会形成大量以大型水库为控制电站的一库多级或多库多级式梯级水库群，然而控制性水库的综合开发将会产生巨额成本。梯级水电站群长期优化调度是一个标准的多维度、多阶段、非线性、非凸优化问题，求解难度极大，实践中在保证水电系统蓄丰补枯的同时如何提高发电效益成为一大问题。本文以西南某流域11座梯级电站群作为研究对象，提出了一个以多年平均发电量最大为目标的水电站群长期优化调度模型，使用多项式拟合方法处理非线性约束，建立了混合整数非线性规划模型(MINLP)。分析了控制性水库投产前后对整个流域梯级的效益和性能的影响，结果表明，单主体控制性水库的投产运行不论在时间、还是空间上都会对整个梯级产生积极的补偿效益。
With the gradual development of hydro-power in China, there will be a large number of “one reservoir multi-cascade hydropower stations” or “multi-reservoirs with multi-cascade hydropower stations” with large reservoirs as control power stations. However, its comprehensive development will produce a huge cost. The long-term optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations is a standard multi-dimensional, multi-stage, nonlinear and non-convex optimization problem, which is extremely difficult to solve. In practice, how to improve the power generation of cascade hydropower stations while ensuring the ability of hydro-power to store abundance and replenish drought has become a big problem. Taking 11 cascade hydropower stations in a large hydropower base in Southwest China as the research object, this paper developed a long-term optimal operation model of cascade hydropower stations aiming at the maximum annual average power generation, which used the polynomial fitting method to deal with nonlinear constraints, and established the mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model. Meanwhile, the effects of the control reservoirs on the benefit and performance of the entire basin terrace before and after commissioning are analyzed. The results show that the commissioning and operation of a single main control reservoir will have positive compensatory benefits on the entire terrace, both in time and in space.